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NAME

     perltoc - perl documentation table of contents



DESCRIPTION
     This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of
     the Perl documentation set.  It is meant to be scanned
     quickly or grepped through to locate the proper section
     you're looking for.



BASIC DOCUMENTATION
     perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION
         modularity and reusability using innumerable modules,
         embeddable and extensible, roll-your-own magic variables
         (including multiple simultaneous DBM implementations),
         subroutines can now be overridden, autoloaded, and
         prototyped, arbitrarily nested data structures and
         anonymous functions, object-oriented programming,
         compilability into C code or Perl bytecode, support for
         light-weight processes (threads), support for
         internationalization, localization, and Unicode, lexical
         scoping, regular expression enhancements, enhanced
         debugger and interactive Perl environment, with
         integrated editor support, POSIX 1003.1 compliant
         library

     AVAILABILITY

     ENVIRONMENT

     AUTHOR

     FILES

     SEE ALSO

     DIAGNOSTICS

     BUGS

     NOTES

     perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date:
     1999/05/23

     20:38:02 $)" 20:38:02 $)"

     DESCRIPTION
         perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ, the perlfaq1
         manpage: General Questions About Perl, What is Perl?,
         Who supports Perl?  Who develops it?  Why is it free?,
         Which version of Perl should I use?, What are perl4 and
         perl5?, What is perl6?, How stable is Perl?, Is Perl
         difficult to learn?, How does Perl compare with other
         languages like Java, Python, REXX, Scheme, or Tcl?, Can
         I do [task] in Perl?, When shouldn't I program in Perl?,
         What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?, Is it
         a Perl program or a Perl script?, What is a JAPH?, Where
         can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?, How can I
         convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
         (5/5.005/Perl instead of some other language)?, the
         perlfaq2 manpage: Obtaining and Learning about Perl,
         What machines support Perl?  Where do I get it?, How can
         I get a binary version of Perl?, I don't have a C
         compiler on my system.  How can I compile perl?, I
         copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but
         scripts don't work, I grabbed the sources and tried to
         compile but gdbm/dynamic loading/malloc/linking/...
         failed.  How do I make it work?, What modules and
         extensions are available for Perl?  What is CPAN?  What
         does CPAN/src/... mean?, Is there an ISO or ANSI
         certified version of Perl?, Where can I get information
         on Perl?, What are the Perl newsgroups on USENET?  Where
         do I post questions?, Where should I post source code?,
         Perl Books, Perl in Magazines, Perl on the Net: FTP and
         WWW Access, What mailing lists are there for perl?,
         Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc, Where can I buy a
         commercial version of Perl?, Where do I send bug
         reports?, What is perl.com?, the perlfaq3 manpage:
         Programming Tools, How do I do (anything)?, How can I
         use Perl interactively?, Is there a Perl shell?, How do
         I debug my Perl programs?, How do I profile my Perl
         programs?, How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?,
         Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?, Is
         there a ctags for Perl?, Is there an IDE or Windows Perl
         Editor?, Where can I get Perl macros for vi?, Where can
         I get perl-mode for emacs?, How can I use curses with
         Perl?, How can I use X or Tk with Perl?, How can I
         generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?, What is
         undump?, How can I make my Perl program run faster?, How
         can I make my Perl program take less memory?, Is it
         unsafe to return a pointer to local data?, How can I
         free an array or hash so my program shrinks?, How can I
         make my CGI script more efficient?, How can I hide the
         source for my Perl program?, How can I compile my Perl
         program into byte code or C?, How can I compile Perl
         into Java?, How can I get `#!perl' to work on [MS-
         DOS,NT,...]?, Can I write useful perl programs on the
         command line?, Why don't perl one-liners work on my
         DOS/Mac/VMS system?, Where can I learn about CGI or Web
         programming in Perl?, Where can I learn about object-
         oriented Perl programming?, Where can I learn about
         linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp], I've read
         perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl inmy C
         program, what am I doing wrong?, When I tried to run my
         script, I got this message. What does itmean?, What's
         MakeMaker?, the perlfaq4 manpage: Data Manipulation, Why
         am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999)
         instead of the numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?,
         Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?, Does
         Perl have a round() function?  What about ceil() and
         floor()?  Trig functions?, How do I convert bits into
         ints?, Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?, How do
         I multiply matrices?, How do I perform an operation on a
         series of integers?, How can I output Roman numerals?,
         Why aren't my random numbers random?, How do I find the
         week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?, How do I find the
         current century or millennium?, How can I compare two
         dates and find the difference?, How can I take a string
         and turn it into epoch seconds?, How can I find the
         Julian Day?, How do I find yesterday's date?, Does Perl
         have a year 2000 problem?  Is Perl Y2K compliant?, How
         do I validate input?, How do I unescape a string?, How
         do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?, How do I
         expand function calls in a string?, How do I find
         matching/nesting anything?, How do I reverse a string?,
         How do I expand tabs in a string?, How do I reformat a
         paragraph?, How can I access/change the first N letters
         of a string?, How do I change the Nth occurrence of
         something?, How can I count the number of occurrences of
         a substring within a string?, How do I capitalize all
         the words on one line?, How can I split a [character]
         delimited string except when inside[character]? (Comma-
         separated files), How do I strip blank space from the
         beginning/end of a string?, How do I pad a string with
         blanks or pad a number with zeroes?, How do I extract
         selected columns from a string?, How do I find the
         soundex value of a string?, How can I expand variables
         in text strings?, What's wrong with always quoting
         "$vars"?, Why don't my <<HERE documents work?, What is
         the difference between a list and an array?, What is the
         difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?, How can I
         remove duplicate elements from a list or array?, How can
         I tell whether a list or array contains a certain
         element?, How do I compute the difference of two arrays?
         How do I compute the intersection of two arrays?, How do
         I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal?, How do I
         find the first array element for which a condition is
         true?, How do I handle linked lists?, How do I handle
         circular lists?, How do I shuffle an array randomly?,
         How do I process/modify each element of an array?, How
         do I select a random element from an array?, How do I
         permute N elements of a list?, How do I sort an array by
         (anything)?, How do I manipulate arrays of bits?, Why
         does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?,
         How do I process an entire hash?, What happens if I add
         or remove keys from a hash while iterating over it?, How
         do I look up a hash element by value?, How can I know
         how many entries are in a hash?, How do I sort a hash
         (optionally by value instead of key)?, How can I always
         keep my hash sorted?, What's the difference between
         "delete" and "undef" with hashes?, Why don't my tied
         hashes make the defined/exists distinction?, How do I
         reset an each() operation part-way through?, How can I
         get the unique keys from two hashes?, How can I store a
         multidimensional array in a DBM file?, How can I make my
         hash remember the order I put elements into it?, Why
         does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash
         create it?, How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C
         structure/C++ class/hash or array of hashes or arrays?,
         How can I use a reference as a hash key?, How do I
         handle binary data correctly?, How do I determine
         whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?, How
         do I keep persistent data across program calls?, How do
         I print out or copy a recursive data structure?, How do
         I define methods for every class/object?, How do I
         verify a credit card checksum?, How do I pack arrays of
         doubles or floats for XS code?, the perlfaq5 manpage:
         Files and Formats, How do I flush/unbuffer an output
         filehandle?  Why must I do this?, How do I change one
         line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a line in
         the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?,
         How do I count the number of lines in a file?, How do I
         make a temporary file name?, How can I manipulate
         fixed-record-length files?, How can I make a filehandle
         local to a subroutine?  How do I pass filehandles
         between subroutines?  How do I make an array of
         filehandles?, How can I use a filehandle indirectly?,
         How can I set up a footer format to be used with
         write()?, How can I write() into a string?, How can I
         output my numbers with commas added?, How can I
         translate tildes (~) in a filename?, How come when I
         open a file read-write it wipes it out?, Why do I
         sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use
         <*>?, Is there a leak/bug in glob()?, How can I open a
         file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks?, How can I
         reliably rename a file?, How can I lock a file?, Why
         can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?, I still don't get
         locking.  I just want to increment the number in the
         file.  How can I do this?, How do I randomly update a
         binary file?, How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?,
         How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?, How do I print
         to more than one file at once?, How can I read in an
         entire file all at once?, How can I read in a file by
         paragraphs?, How can I read a single character from a
         file?  From the keyboard?, How can I tell whether
         there's a character waiting on a filehandle?, How do I
         do a `tail -f' in perl?, How do I dup() a filehandle in
         Perl?, How do I close a file descriptor by number?, Why
         can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths?  What doesn't
         `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?, Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all
         the files?, Why does Perl let me delete read-only files?
         Why does `-i' clobber protected files?  Isn't this a bug
         in Perl?, How do I select a random line from a file?,
         Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of
         lines?, the perlfaq6 manpage: Regexps, How can I hope to
         use regular expressions without creating illegible and
         unmaintainable code?, I'm having trouble matching over
         more than one line. What's wrong?, How can I pull out
         lines between two patterns that are themselves on
         different lines?, I put a regular expression into $/ but
         it didn't work. What's wrong?, How do I substitute case
         insensitively on the LHS, but preserving case on the
         RHS?, How can I make `\w' match national character
         sets?, How can I match a locale-smart version of
         `/[a-zA-Z]/'?, How can I quote a variable to use in a
         regex?, What is `/o' really for?, How do I use a regular
         expression to strip C style comments from a file?, Can I
         use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?,
         What does it mean that regexes are greedy?  How can I
         get around it?, How do I process each word on each
         line?, How can I print out a word-frequency or line-
         frequency summary?, How can I do approximate matching?,
         How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at
         once?, Why don't word-boundary searches with `\b' work
         for me?, Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program
         down?, What good is `\G' in a regular expression?, Are
         Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs?  Are they POSIX compliant?,
         What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context?,
         How can I match strings with multibyte characters?, How
         do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user?, the
         perlfaq7 manpage: General Perl Language Issues, Can I
         get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?, What are all
         these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to
         use them?, Do I always/never have to quote my strings or
         use semicolons and commas?, How do I skip some return
         values?, How do I temporarily block warnings?, What's an
         extension?, Why do Perl operators have different
         precedence than C operators?, How do I declare/create a
         structure?, How do I create a module?, How do I create a
         class?, How can I tell if a variable is tainted?, What's
         a closure?, What is variable suicide and how can I
         prevent it?, How can I pass/return a {Function,
         FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method, Regex}?, How do I
         create a static variable?, What's the difference between
         dynamic and lexical (static) scoping?  Between local()
         and my()?, How can I access a dynamic variable while a
         similarly named lexical is in scope?, What's the
         difference between deep and shallow binding?, Why
         doesn't "my($foo) = <FILE>;" work right?, How do I
         redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?,
         What's the difference between calling a function as &foo
         and foo()?, How do I create a switch or case statement?,
         How can I catch accesses to undefined
         variables/functions/methods?, Why can't a method
         included in this same file be found?, How can I find out
         my current package?, How can I comment out a large block
         of perl code?, How do I clear a package?, How can I use
         a variable as a variable name?, the perlfaq8 manpage:
         System Interaction, How do I find out which operating
         system I'm running under?, How come exec() doesn't
         return?, How do I do fancy stuff with the
         keyboard/screen/mouse?, How do I print something out in
         color?, How do I read just one key without waiting for a
         return key?, How do I check whether input is ready on
         the keyboard?, How do I clear the screen?, How do I get
         the screen size?, How do I ask the user for a password?,
         How do I read and write the serial port?, How do I
         decode encrypted password files?, How do I start a
         process in the background?, How do I trap control
         characters/signals?, How do I modify the shadow password
         file on a Unix system?, How do I set the time and date?,
         How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?, How
         can I measure time under a second?, How can I do an
         atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling),
         Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V
         (Solaris)?  What does the error message "Protocol not
         supported" mean?, How can I call my system's unique C
         functions from Perl?, Where do I get the include files
         to do ioctl() or syscall()?, Why do setuid perl scripts
         complain about kernel problems?, How can I open a pipe
         both to and from a command?, Why can't I get the output
         of a command with system()?, How can I capture STDERR
         from an external command?, Why doesn't open() return an
         error when a pipe open fails?, What's wrong with using
         backticks in a void context?, How can I call backticks
         without shell processing?, Why can't my script read from
         STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix, ^Z on MS-DOS)?,
         How can I convert my shell script to perl?, Can I use
         perl to run a telnet or ftp session?, How can I write
         expect in Perl?, Is there a way to hide perl's command
         line from programs such as "ps"?, I {changed directory,
         modified my environment} in a perl script.     How come
         the change disappeared when I exited the script?  How do
         I get my changes to be visible?, How do I close a
         process's filehandle without waiting for it to
         complete?, How do I fork a daemon process?, How do I
         make my program run with sh and csh?, How do I find out
         if I'm running interactively or not?, How do I timeout a
         slow event?, How do I set CPU limits?, How do I avoid
         zombies on a Unix system?, How do I use an SQL
         database?, How do I make a system() exit on control-C?,
         How do I open a file without blocking?, How do I install
         a module from CPAN?, What's the difference between
         require and use?, How do I keep my own module/library
         directory?, How do I add the directory my program lives
         in to the module/library search path?, How do I add a
         directory to my include path at runtime?, What is
         socket.ph and where do I get it?, the perlfaq9 manpage:
         Networking, My CGI script runs from the command line but
         not the browser. (500 Server Error), How can I get
         better error messages from a CGI program?, How do I
         remove HTML from a string?, How do I extract URLs?, How
         do I download a file from the user's machine?  How do I
         open a file on another machine?, How do I make a pop-up
         menu in HTML?, How do I fetch an HTML file?, How do I
         automate an HTML form submission?, How do I decode or
         create those %-encodings on the web?, How do I redirect
         to another page?, How do I put a password on my web
         pages?, How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files
         with Perl?, How do I make sure users can't enter values
         into a form that cause my CGI script to do bad things?,
         How do I parse a mail header?, How do I decode a CGI
         form?, How do I check a valid mail address?, How do I
         decode a MIME/BASE64 string?, How do I return the user's
         mail address?, How do I send mail?, How do I read mail?,
         How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?,
         How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?,
         How do I fetch/put an FTP file?, How can I do RPC in
         Perl?

         Where to get this document

         How to contribute to this document

        to the authors
         What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems

     Credits

     Author and Copyright Information

         Bundled Distributions

         Disclaimer

     Changes
         23/May/99, 13/April/99, 7/January/99, 22/June/98,
         24/April/97, 23/April/97, 25/March/97, 18/March/97,
         17/March/97 Version, Initial Release: 11/March/97

     perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.23 $,
     $Date:

     1999/05/23 16:08:30 $)" 1999/05/23 16:08:30 $)"

     DESCRIPTION

         What is Perl?

         Who supports Perl?  Who develops it?  Why is it free?

         Which version of Perl should I use?

         What are perl4 and perl5?

         What is perl6?

         How stable is Perl?

         Is Perl difficult to learn?

        REXX, Scheme, or Tcl?
         How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python,

         Can I do [task] in Perl?

         When shouldn't I program in Perl?

         What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?

         Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?

         What is a JAPH?

         Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?

        version (5/5.005/Perl instead of some other language)?
         How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use

     AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

     perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision:
     1.32 $,

     $Date: 1999/10/14 18:46:09 $)" $Date: 1999/10/14 18:46:09
     $)"

     DESCRIPTION

         What machines support Perl?  Where do I get it?


         How can I get a binary version of Perl?

        perl?
         I don't have a C compiler on my system.  How can I compile

        scripts don't work.
         I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but

        loading/malloc/linking/... failed.  How do I make it work?
         I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic

        CPAN? What does CPAN/src/... mean?
         What modules and extensions are available for Perl?  What is

         Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?

         Where can I get information on Perl?

        questions?
         What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet?  Where do I post

         Where should I post source code?

         Perl Books
             References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics

         Perl in Magazines

         Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access

         What mailing lists are there for Perl?

         Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc

         Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?

         Where do I send bug reports?

         What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org?

     AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

     perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.38 $, $Date:
     1999/05/23

     16:08:30 $)" 16:08:30 $)"

     DESCRIPTION

         How do I do (anything)?


         How can I use Perl interactively?

         Is there a Perl shell?

         How do I debug my Perl programs?

         How do I profile my Perl programs?

         How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?

         Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?

         Is there a ctags for Perl?

         Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?

         Where can I get Perl macros for vi?

         Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?

         How can I use curses with Perl?

         How can I use X or Tk with Perl?

         How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?

         What is undump?

         How can I make my Perl program run faster?

         How can I make my Perl program take less memory?

         Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data?

         How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?

         How can I make my CGI script more efficient?

         How can I hide the source for my Perl program?

         How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?

         How can I compile Perl into Java?

         How can I get `#!perl' to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?

         Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line?

         Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?

         Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?

         Where can I learn about object-
             oriented Perl programming?

         Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]

        in my C program, what am I doing wrong?
         I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl

        it mean?
         When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does

         What's MakeMaker?

     AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

     perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.49 $, $Date:
     1999/05/23

     20:37:49 $)" 20:37:49 $)"

     DESCRIPTION

     Data: Numbers

        of the numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
         Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead

         Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?

        floor()? Trig functions?
         Does Perl have a round() function?  What about ceil() and

         How do I convert bits into ints?

         Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?

         How do I multiply matrices?

         How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?

         How can I output Roman numerals?

         Why aren't my random numbers random?

     Data: Dates

         How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?

         How do I find the current century or millennium?

         How can I compare two dates and find the difference?

         How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?

         How can I find the Julian Day?

         How do I find yesterday's date?

         Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem?  Is Perl Y2K compliant?

     Data: Strings

         How do I validate input?

         How do I unescape a string?

         How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?

         How do I expand function calls in a string?

         How do I find matching/nesting anything?

         How do I reverse a string?

         How do I expand tabs in a string?

         How do I reformat a paragraph?

         How can I access/change the first N letters of a string?

         How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?

        within a string?
         How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring

         How do I capitalize all the words on one line?

        inside [character]? (Comma-separated files)
         How can I split a [character] delimited string except when

        string?
         How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a

        zeroes?
         How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with

         How do I extract selected columns from a string?

         How do I find the soundex value of a string?

         How can I expand variables in text strings?

         What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?

         Why don't my <<HERE documents work?
             1. There must be no space after the << part, 2.
             There (probably) should be a semicolon at the end,
             3. You can't (easily) have any space in front of the
             tag

     Data: Arrays

         What is the difference between a list and an array?

         What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?

         How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array?
             a) If @in is sorted, and you want @out to be
             sorted:(this assumes all true values in the array),
             b) If you don't know whether @in is sorted:, c) Like
             (b), but @in contains only small integers:, d) A way
             to do (b) without any loops or greps:, e) Like (d),
             but @in contains only small positive integers:

        element?
         How can I tell whether a list or array contains a certain

        compute the intersection of two arrays?
         How do I compute the difference of two arrays?  How do I

         How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal?

        is true?
         How do I find the first array element for which a condition

         How do I handle linked lists?

         How do I handle circular lists?

         How do I shuffle an array randomly?

         How do I process/modify each element of an array?

         How do I select a random element from an array?

         How do I permute N elements of a list?

         How do I sort an array by (anything)?

         How do I manipulate arrays of bits?

         Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?

     Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)


         How do I process an entire hash?

        iterating over it?
         What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while

         How do I look up a hash element by value?

         How can I know how many entries are in a hash?

         How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?

         How can I always keep my hash sorted?

        hashes?
         What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with

         Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?

         How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?

         How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?

         How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?

        it?
         How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into

        create it?
         Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash

        class/hash or array of hashes or arrays?
         How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++

         How can I use a reference as a hash key?

     Data: Misc

         How do I handle binary data correctly?

        number/whole/integer/float?
         How do I determine whether a scalar is a

         How do I keep persistent data across program calls?

         How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?

         How do I define methods for every class/object?

         How do I verify a credit card checksum?

         How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?

     AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

     perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.38 $, $Date:
     1999/05/23

     16:08:30 $)" 16:08:30 $)"

     DESCRIPTION

        this?
         How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle?  Why must I do

        file/insert a line in the middle of a file/append to the
        beginning of a file?
         How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a

         How do I count the number of lines in a file?

         How do I make a temporary file name?

         How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?

        pass filehandles between subroutines?  How do I make an array
        of filehandles?
         How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine?  How do I

         How can I use a filehandle indirectly?

         How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?

         How can I write() into a string?

         How can I output my numbers with commas added?

         How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?

         How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?

        <*>?
         Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use

         Is there a leak/bug in glob()?

         How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks?

         How can I reliably rename a file?

         How can I lock a file?

         Why can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?


        number in the file.  How can I do this?
         I still don't get locking.  I just want to increment the

         How do I randomly update a binary file?

         How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?

         How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?

         How do I print to more than one file at once?

         How can I read in an entire file all at once?

         How can I read in a file by paragraphs?

        keyboard?
         How can I read a single character from a file?  From the

        filehandle?
         How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a

         How do I do a `tail -f' in perl?

         How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?

         How do I close a file descriptor by number?

        `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
         Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths?  What doesn't

         Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?

        clobber protected files?  Isn't this a bug in Perl?
         Why does Perl let me delete read-
             only files?  Why does `-i'

         How do I select a random line from a file?

         Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?

     AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

     perlfaq6 - Regexes ($Revision: 1.27 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
     16:08:30 $)

     DESCRIPTION

        illegible and unmaintainable code?
         How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating
             Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the
             Regex, Different Delimiters

        wrong?
         I'm having trouble matching over more than one line.  What's

        themselves on different lines?
         How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are

        wrong?
         I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's

        preserving case on the RHS?
         How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS, but

         How can I make `\w' match national character sets?

         How can I match a locale-smart version of `/[a-zA-Z]/'?

         How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?

         What is `/o' really for?

        from a file?
         How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments

         Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?

        around it?
         What does it mean that regexes are greedy?  How can I get

         How do I process each word on each line?

        summary?
         How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency

         How can I do approximate matching?

         How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?

         Why don't word-boundary searches with `\b' work for me?

         Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?

         What good is `\G' in a regular expression?

         Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs?  Are they POSIX compliant?

         What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context?

         How can I match strings with multibyte characters?

         How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user?


     AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

     perlfaq7 - Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.28 $, $Date:

     1999/05/23 20:36:18 $)" 1999/05/23 20:36:18 $)"

     DESCRIPTION

         Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?

        when to use them?
         What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know

        and commas?
         Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons

         How do I skip some return values?

         How do I temporarily block warnings?

         What's an extension?

        operators?
         Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C

         How do I declare/create a structure?

         How do I create a module?

         How do I create a class?

         How can I tell if a variable is tainted?

         What's a closure?

         What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?

        Method, Regex}?
         How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash,
             Passing Variables and Functions, Passing
             Filehandles, Passing Regexes, Passing Methods

         How do I create a static variable?

        scoping? Between local() and my()?
         What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static)

        lexical is in scope?
         How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named

         What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?

         Why doesn't "my($foo) = <FILE>;" work right?

         How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?

        foo()?
         What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and

         How do I create a switch or case statement?

        variables/functions/methods?
         How can I catch accesses to undefined

         Why can't a method included in this same file be found?

         How can I find out my current package?

         How can I comment out a large block of perl code?

         How do I clear a package?

         How can I use a variable as a variable name?

     AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

     perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.39 $, $Date:
     1999/05/23

     18:37:57 $)" 18:37:57 $)"

     DESCRIPTION

         How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?

         How come exec() doesn't return?

         How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
             Keyboard, Screen, Mouse

         How do I print something out in color?

         How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key?

         How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?

         How do I clear the screen?

         How do I get the screen size?

         How do I ask the user for a password?

         How do I read and write the serial port?
             lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output,
             non-blocking input

         How do I decode encrypted password files?

         How do I start a process in the background?
             STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals,
             Zombies

         How do I trap control characters/signals?

         How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?

         How do I set the time and date?

         How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?

         How can I measure time under a second?

        handling)
         How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception

        What does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
         Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)?

         How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?

         Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?

         Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?

         How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?

         Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?

         How can I capture STDERR from an external command?

         Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?

         What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?

         How can I call backticks without shell processing?

        on Unix, ^Z on MS-DOS)?
         Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D

         How can I convert my shell script to perl?

         Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?

         How can I write expect in Perl?


        as "ps"?
         Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such

        script. How come the change disappeared when I exited the
        script?  How do I get my changes to be visible?
         I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl
             Unix

        to complete?
         How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it

         How do I fork a daemon process?

         How do I make my program run with sh and csh?

         How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?

         How do I timeout a slow event?

         How do I set CPU limits?

         How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?

         How do I use an SQL database?

         How do I make a system() exit on control-C?

         How do I open a file without blocking?

         How do I install a module from CPAN?

         What's the difference between require and use?

         How do I keep my own module/library directory?

        module/library search path?
         How do I add the directory my program lives in to the

         How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime?

         What is socket.ph and where do I get it?

     AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

     perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.26 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
     16:08:30

     $)" $)"

     DESCRIPTION


        (500 Server Error)
         My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser.

         How can I get better error messages from a CGI program?

         How do I remove HTML from a string?

         How do I extract URLs?

        open a file on another machine?
         How do I download a file from the user's machine?  How do I

         How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?

         How do I fetch an HTML file?

         How do I automate an HTML form submission?

         How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?

         How do I redirect to another page?

         How do I put a password on my web pages?

         How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?

        cause my CGI script to do bad things?
         How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that

         How do I parse a mail header?

         How do I decode a CGI form?

         How do I check a valid mail address?

         How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?

         How do I return the user's mail address?

         How do I send mail?

         How do I read mail?

         How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?

         How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?

         How do I fetch/put an FTP file?

         How can I do RPC in Perl?


     AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

     perldelta - what's new for perl v5.6.0

     DESCRIPTION

     Core Enhancements

         Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency

         Lexically scoped warning categories

         Unicode and UTF-8 support

         Support for interpolating named characters

         "our" declarations

         Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals

         Improved Perl version numbering system

         New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes

         File and directory handles can be autovivified

         open() with more than two arguments

         64-bit support

         Large file support

         Long doubles

         "more bits"

         Enhanced support for sort() subroutines

         `sort $coderef @foo' allowed

         File globbing implemented internally
             Support for CHECK blocks

         POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
             Better pseudo-random number generator

         Improved `qw//' operator
             Better worst-case behavior of hashes

         pack() format 'Z' supported


         pack() format modifier '!' supported

         pack() and unpack() support counted strings

         Comments in pack() templates

         Weak references

         Binary numbers supported

         Lvalue subroutines

         Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references

         Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues

         exists() is supported on subroutine names

         exists() and delete() are supported on array elements

         Pseudo-hashes work better

         Automatic flushing of output buffers

         Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations

        filehandle
         Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input

         eof() has the same old magic as <>

         binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes

         `-T' filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"

         system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure

         Improved diagnostics

         Diagnostics follow STDERR
             More consistent close-on-exec behavior

         syswrite() ease-of-use

         Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators

         Bit operators support full native integer width

         Improved security features
             More functional bareword prototype (*)


         `require' and `do' may be overridden

         $^X variables may now have names longer than one character

         New variable $^C reflects `-c' switch

         New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string

         Optional Y2K warnings

     Modules and Pragmata

         Modules
             attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant,
             charnames, Data::Dumper, DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf,
             Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English, Env,
             Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob,
             File::Spec, File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO,
             JPL, lib, Math::BigInt, Math::Complex, Math::Trig,
             Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
             podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select,
             podselect, Pod::Usage, pod2usage, Pod::Text and
             Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
             Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM
             Filters

         Pragmata

     Utility Changes

         dprofpp

         find2perl

         h2xs

         perlcc

         perldoc

         The Perl Debugger

     Improved Documentation
         perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod,
         perldbmfilter.pod, perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod,
         perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
         perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod,
         perlopentut.pod, perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod,
         perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod

     Performance enhancements

         Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized

         Optimized assignments to lexical variables

         Faster subroutine calls
             delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are
             faster

     Installation and Configuration Improvements

         -Dusethreads means something different

         New Configure flags

         Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring

         Long Doubles

         -Dusemorebits

         -Duselargefiles

         installusrbinperl

         SOCKS support

         `-A' flag

         Enhanced Installation Directories

     Platform specific changes

         Supported platforms

         DOS

         OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)

         VMS

         Win32

     Significant bug fixes

         <HANDLE> on empty files

         `eval '...'' improvements

         All compilation errors are true errors

         Implicitly closed filehandles are safer

         Behavior of list slices is more consistent

         `(\$)' prototype and `$foo{a}'

         `goto &sub' and AUTOLOAD

         `-bareword' allowed under `use integer'

         Failures in DESTROY()

         Locale bugs fixed

         Memory leaks

         Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls

         Taint failures under `-U'

         END blocks and the `-c' switch

         Potential to leak DATA filehandles

     New or Changed Diagnostics
         "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s,
         "my sub" not yet implemented, "our" variable %s
         redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s, / cannot
         take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be
         followed by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type,
         /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c passed through, /%s/:
         Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class passed
         through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s()
         called too early to check prototype, %s argument is not
         a HASH or ARRAY element, %s argument is not a HASH or
         ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a subroutine
         name, %s package attribute may clash with future
         reserved word:  %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be
         quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled substitution
         pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in
         conditional, Binary number >
         0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit
         vector size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in
         prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check filesystem of script
         "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
         Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD,
         forcing to default, Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine
         call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't remove %s: %s,
         skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine,
         Can't weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:]
         unknown, Character class syntax [%s] belongs inside
         character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
         constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword,
         defined(@array) is deprecated, defined(%hash) is
         deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you
         mean "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no
         data, entering effective %s failed, false [] range "%s"
         in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for output, flock()
         on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
         explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff
         non-portable, Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-
         formed message in prime_env_iter:  |%s|, Illegal binary
         digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
         number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number,
         Invalid %s attribute:  %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s,
         invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid separator
         character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator
         character %s in subroutine attribute list, leaving
         effective %s failed, Lvalue subs returning %s not
         implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
         %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open,
         Missing name in "my sub", No %s specified for -%c, No
         package name allowed for variable %s in "our", No space
         allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming
         local time is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-
         portable, panic: del_backref, panic: kid popen errno
         read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
         around "%s" list, Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs"
         is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS" instead, Premature
         end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
         Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed
         memory ignored, Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't
         take arguments, Strange *+?{} on zero-length expression,
         switching effective %s is not implemented, This Perl
         can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't
         set CRTL environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s
         block, Unknown open() mode '%s', Unknown process %x sent
         message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized escape \\%c
         passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in
         attribute list, Unterminated attribute list,
         Unterminated attribute parameter in subroutine attribute
         list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
         CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a
         constant number

     New tests

     Incompatible Changes

         Perl Source Incompatibilities
             CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of
             undef has changed

         Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different
             Literals of the form `1.2.3' parse differently,
             Possibly changed pseudo-random number generator,
             Hashing function for hash keys has changed, `undef'
             fails on read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be
             set on pipe and socket handles, Writing `"$$1"' to
             mean `"${$}1"' is unsupported, delete(), values()
             and `\(%h)' operate on aliases to values, not
             copies, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two
             BITS, Text of some diagnostic output has changed,
             `%@' has been removed, Parenthesized not() behaves
             like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
             prototype `(*)' have changed

        platforms
         Semantics of bit operators may have changed on 64-bit

         More builtins taint their results

         C Source Incompatibilities
             `PERL_POLLUTE', `PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT',
             `PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC'

         Compatible C Source API Changes
             `PATCHLEVEL' is now `PERL_VERSION'

         Binary Incompatibilities

     Known Problems

         Thread test failures

         EBCDIC platforms not supported

         In 64-bit HP-UX the lib/io_multihomed test may hang

         NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure

        with gcc
         Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure

         UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run

         Arrow operator and arrays

         Windows 2000

         Experimental features
             Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue
             subroutines, Weak references, The pseudo-hash data
             type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of
             file globbing, The DB module, The regular expression
             constructs `(?{ code })' and `(??{ code })'


     Obsolete Diagnostics
         Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future
         extensions, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in
         prime_env_iter, Probable precedence problem on %s,
         regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean "${$}<digit>"
         is deprecated

     Reporting Bugs

     SEE ALSO

     HISTORY

     perldata - Perl data types

     DESCRIPTION

         Variable names

         Context

         Scalar values

         Scalar value constructors

         List value constructors

         Slices

         Typeglobs and Filehandles

     SEE ALSO

     perlsyn - Perl syntax

     DESCRIPTION

         Declarations

         Simple statements

         Compound statements

         Loop Control

         For Loops

         Foreach Loops

         Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements


         Goto

         PODs: Embedded Documentation

         Plain Old Comments (Not!)

     perlop - Perl operators and precedence

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

         Terms and List Operators (Leftward)

         The Arrow Operator

         Auto-increment and Auto-decrement

         Exponentiation

         Symbolic Unary Operators

         Binding Operators

         Multiplicative Operators

         Additive Operators

         Shift Operators

         Named Unary Operators

         Relational Operators

         Equality Operators

         Bitwise And

         Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or

         C-style Logical And

         C-style Logical Or

         Range Operators

         Conditional Operator

         Assignment Operators

         Comma Operator

         List Operators (Rightward)

         Logical Not

         Logical And

         Logical or and Exclusive Or

         C Operators Missing From Perl
             unary &, unary *, (TYPE)

         Quote and Quote-like Operators

         Regexp Quote-Like Operators
             ?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx,
             q/STRING/, `'STRING'', qq/STRING/, "STRING",
             qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/,
             s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx,
             tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cdsUC,
             y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cdsUC

         Gory details of parsing quoted constructs
             Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before
             delimiters, Interpolation, `<<'EOF'', `m''', `s'''',
             `tr///', `y///', `''', `q//', `""', ```', `qq//',
             `qx//', `<file*glob>', `?RE?', `/RE/', `m/RE/',
             `s/RE/foo/',, Interpolation of regular expressions,
             Optimization of regular expressions

         I/O Operators

         Constant Folding

         Bitwise String Operators

         Integer Arithmetic

         Floating-point Arithmetic

         Bigger Numbers

     perlre - Perl regular expressions

     DESCRIPTION
         i, m, s, x

         Regular Expressions
             cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit

         Extended Patterns
             `(?#text)', `(?imsx-imsx)', `(?:pattern)',
             `(?imsx-imsx:pattern)', `(?=pattern)',
             `(?!pattern)', `(?<=pattern)', `(?<!pattern)', `(?{
             code })', `(??{ code })', `(?>pattern)',
             `(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)',
             `(?(condition)yes-pattern)'

         Backtracking

         Version 8 Regular Expressions

         Warning on \1 vs $1

         Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring

         Combining pieces together
             `ST', `S|T', `S{REPEAT_COUNT}', `S{min,max}',
             `S{min,max}?', `S?', `S*', `S+', `S??', `S*?',
             `S+?', `(?>S)', `(?=S)', `(?<=S)', `(?!S)',
             `(?<!S)', `(??{ EXPR })',
             `(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)'

         Creating custom RE engines

     BUGS

     SEE ALSO

     perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

         #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
             OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS

         Location of Perl

         Command Switches
             -0[digits], -a, -C, -c, -d, -d:foo, -Dletters,
             -Dnumber, -e commandline, -Fpattern, -h,
             -i[extension], -Idirectory, -l[octnum], -m[-]module,
             -M[-]module, -M[-]'module ...', -[mM][-
             ]module=arg[,arg]..., -n, -p, -P, -s, -S, -T, -u,
             -U, -v, -V, -V:name, -w, -W, -X, -x directory

     ENVIRONMENT
         HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLLIB,
         PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL (specific to the Win32 port),
         PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL



     perlfunc - Perl builtin functions

     DESCRIPTION

         Perl Functions by Category
             Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular
             expressions and pattern matching, Numeric functions,
             Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data,
             Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output
             functions, Functions for fixed length data or
             records, Functions for filehandles, files, or
             directories, Keywords related to the control flow of
             your perl program, Keywords related to scoping,
             Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and
             process groups, Keywords related to perl modules,
             Keywords related to classes and object-orientedness,
             Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess
             communication functions, Fetching user and group
             info, Fetching network info, Time-related functions,
             Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted in perl5

         Portability

         Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
             -X FILEHANDLE, -X EXPR, -X, abs VALUE, abs, accept
             NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2
             Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME, binmode FILEHANDLE,
             DISCIPLINE, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME,
             bless REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod
             LIST, chomp VARIABLE, chomp LIST, chomp, chop
             VARIABLE, chop LIST, chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER,
             chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE,
             close, closedir DIRHANDLE, connect SOCKET,NAME,
             continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT,
             dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined
             EXPR, defined, delete EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do
             SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, dump, each
             HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval
             BLOCK, exec LIST, exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR,
             exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp, fcntl
             FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock
             FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, format, formline
             PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin,
             getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid,
             getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME,
             gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname NAME,
             getprotobyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID,
             getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr
             ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE,
             getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO,
             getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent,
             getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent,
             sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent
             STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent,
             endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent,
             getsockname SOCKET, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,
             glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL, goto EXPR,
             goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex
             EXPR, hex, import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index
             STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl
             FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys
             HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST, last LABEL, last, lc EXPR,
             lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length, link
             OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local
             EXPR, localtime EXPR, lock, log EXPR, log, lstat
             FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST,
             map EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MASK, mkdir FILENAME,
             msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgrcv
             ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, my
             EXPR, my EXPR : ATTRIBUTES, next LABEL, next, no
             Module LIST, oct EXPR, oct, open
             FILEHANDLE,MODE,LIST, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open
             FILEHANDLE, opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord,
             our EXPR, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package, package
             NAMESPACE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY,
             pop, pos SCALAR, pos, print FILEHANDLE LIST, print
             LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST, printf
             FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST,
             q/STRING/, qq/STRING/, qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/,
             qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta, rand EXPR,
             rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read
             FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir DIRHANDLE,
             readline EXPR, readlink EXPR, readlink, readpipe
             EXPR, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL,
             redo, ref EXPR, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require
             VERSION, require EXPR, require, reset EXPR, reset,
             return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir
             DIRHANDLE, rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex
             STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME, rmdir, s///, scalar
             EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir
             DIRHANDLE,POS, select FILEHANDLE, select, select
             RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG,
             semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send
             SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp
             PID,PGRP, setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt
             SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY, shift,
             shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread
             ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE,
             shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep EXPR,
             sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL,
             socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL,
             sort SUBNAME LIST, sort BLOCK LIST, sort LIST,
             splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice
             ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH, splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice
             ARRAY, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split
             /PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf
             FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR, srand,
             stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR,
             study, sub BLOCK, sub NAME, sub NAME BLOCK, substr
             EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr
             EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr EXPR,OFFSET, symlink
             OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
             FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen
             FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread
             FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread
             FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek
             FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system
             PROGRAM LIST, syswrite
             FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite
             FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, syswrite
             FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir
             DIRHANDLE, tie VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied
             VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate
             FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR,
             uc, ucfirst EXPR, ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef
             EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack
             TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST,
             use Module VERSION LIST, use Module VERSION, use
             Module LIST, use Module, use VERSION, utime LIST,
             values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid
             PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn LIST, write FILEHANDLE,
             write EXPR, write, y///

     perlvar - Perl predefined variables

     DESCRIPTION

         Predefined Names
             $ARG, $_, $<digits>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`,
             $POSTMATCH, $', $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, @+,
             $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*, input_line_number HANDLE
             EXPR, $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $,
             input_record_separator HANDLE EXPR,
             $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/, autoflush HANDLE
             EXPR, $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|, output_field_separator
             HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,,
             output_record_separator HANDLE EXPR,
             $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS, $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR,
             $", $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#,
             format_page_number HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER,
             $%, format_lines_per_page HANDLE EXPR,
             $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=, format_lines_left HANDLE
             EXPR, $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @-, `$`' is the same
             as `substr($var, 0, $-[0]'), `$&' is the same as
             `substr($var, $-[0], $+[0] - $-[0]'), `$'' is the
             same as `substr($var, $+[0]'), `$1' is the same as
             `substr($var, $-[1], $+[1] - $-[1])', `$2' is the
             same as `substr($var, $-[2], $+[2] - $-[2])', `$3'
             is the same as `substr $var, $-[3], $+[3] - $-[3]'),
             format_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_NAME, $~,
             format_top_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^,
             format_line_break_characters HANDLE EXPR,
             $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, $:, format_formfeed
             HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR,
             $^A, $CHILD_ERROR, $?, $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!,
             $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E, $EVAL_ERROR, $@,
             $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<,
             $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID, $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID,
             $(, $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $), $PROGRAM_NAME,
             $0, $[, $], $COMPILING, $^C, $DEBUGGING, $^D,
             $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I,
             $^M, $OSNAME, $^O, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04,
             0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80, 0x100, 0x200,
             $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R,
             $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S, $BASETIME, $^T,
             $PERL_VERSION, $^V, $WARNING, $^W, ${^WARNING_BITS},
             ${^WIDE_SYSTEM_CALLS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, $ARGV,
             @ARGV, @INC, @_, %INC, %ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG,
             $SIG{expr}

         Error Indicators

         Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names

     BUGS

     perlsub - Perl subroutines

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

         Private Variables via my()

         Persistent Private Variables

         Temporary Values via local()

         Lvalue subroutines

         Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)

         When to Still Use local()
             1. You need to give a global variable a temporary
             value, especially $_, 2.  You need to create a local
             file or directory handle or a local function, 3.
             You want to temporarily change just one element of
             an array or hash

         Pass by Reference

         Prototypes

         Constant Functions

         Overriding Built-in Functions

         Autoloading

         Subroutine Attributes

     SEE ALSO

     perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)

     DESCRIPTION

         Packages

         Symbol Tables

         Package Constructors and Destructors

         Perl Classes

         Perl Modules

     SEE ALSO

     perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding
     existing ones

     DESCRIPTION

     THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY

         Pragmatic Modules
             attributes, attrs, autouse, base, blib, caller,
             charnames, constant, diagnostics, fields, filetest,
             integer, less, lib, locale, ops, overload, re,
             sigtrap, strict, subs, utf8, vars, warnings

         Standard Modules
             AnyDBM_File, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata,
             B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC,
             B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint,
             B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Terse, B::Xref,
             Benchmark, ByteLoader, CGI, CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp,
             CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push,
             CGI::Switch, CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp,
             Carp::Heavy, Class::Struct, Config, Cwd, DB,
             DB_File, Data::Dumper, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek,
             Devel::SelfStubber, DirHandle, Dumpvalue,
             DynaLoader, English, Env, Errno, Exporter,
             Exporter::Heavy, ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Embed,
             ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Installed,
             ExtUtils::Liblist, ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin,
             ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_Unix,
             ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MM_Win32,
             ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::Manifest,
             ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists,
             ExtUtils::Packlist, ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl,
             File::Basename, File::CheckTree, File::Compare,
             File::Copy, File::DosGlob, File::Find, File::Glob,
             File::Path, File::Spec, File::Spec::Functions,
             File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix,
             File::Spec::VMS, File::Spec::Win32, File::stat,
             FileCache, FileHandle, FindBin, GDBM_File,
             Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, I18N::Collate, IO,
             IO::Dir, IO::File, IO::Handle, IO::Pipe, IO::Poll,
             IO::Seekable, IO::Select, IO::Socket,
             IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::UNIX, IPC::Msg,
             IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3, IPC::Semaphore, IPC::SysV,
             Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, Math::Complex,
             Math::Trig, Net::Ping, Net::hostent, Net::netent,
             Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, Opcode, POSIX,
             Pod::Checker, Pod::Html, Pod::InputObjects,
             Pod::Man, Pod::Parser, Pod::Select, Pod::Text,
             Pod::Text::Color, Pod::Usage, SDBM_File, Safe,
             Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell,
             Socket, Symbol, Sys::Hostname, Sys::Syslog,
             Term::Cap, Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test,
             Test::Harness, Text::Abbrev, Text::ParseWords,
             Text::Soundex, Text::Wrap, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle,
             Tie::Hash, Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar,
             Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local, Time::gmtime,
             Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, User::grent,
             User::pwent

         Extension Modules

     CPAN
         Language Extensions and Documentation Tools, Development
         Support, Operating System Interfaces, Networking, Device
         Control (modems) and InterProcess Communication, Data
         Types and Data Type Utilities, Database Interfaces, User
         Interfaces, Interfaces to / Emulations of Other
         Programming Languages, File Names, File Systems and File
         Locking (see also File Handles), String Processing,
         Language Text Processing, Parsing, and Searching,
         Option, Argument, Parameter, and Configuration File
         Processing, Internationalization and Locale,
         Authentication, Security, and Encryption, World Wide
         Web, HTML, HTTP, CGI, MIME, Server and Daemon Utilities,
         Archiving and Compression, Images, Pixmap and Bitmap
         Manipulation, Drawing, and Graphing, Mail and Usenet
         News, Control Flow Utilities (callbacks and exceptions
         etc), File Handle and Input/Output Stream Utilities,
         Miscellaneous Modules, Africa, Asia, Australasia,
         Central America, Europe, North America, South America

     Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse

         Guidelines for Module Creation
             Do similar modules already exist in some form?, Try
             to design the new module to be easy to extend and
             reuse, Some simple style guidelines, Select what to
             export, Select a name for the module, Have you got
             it right?, README and other Additional Files, A
             description of the module/package/extension etc, A
             copyright notice - see below, Prerequisites - what
             else you may need to have, How to build it -
             possible changes to Makefile.PL etc, How to install
             it, Recent changes in this release, especially
             incompatibilities, Changes / enhancements you plan
             to make in the future, Adding a Copyright Notice,
             Give the module a version/issue/release number, How
             to release and distribute a module, Take care when
             changing a released module

         Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
             There is no requirement to convert anything,
             Consider the implications, Make the most of the
             opportunity, The pl2pm utility will get you started,
             Adds the standard Module prologue lines, Converts
             package specifiers from ' to ::, Converts die(...)
             to croak(...), Several other minor changes

         Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
             Complete applications rarely belong in the Perl
             Module Library, Many applications contain some Perl
             code that could be reused, Break-out the reusable
             code into one or more separate module files, Take
             the opportunity to reconsider and redesign the
             interfaces, In some cases the 'application' can then
             be reduced to a small

     NOTE

     perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules

     DESCRIPTION

         PREAMBLE
             DECOMPRESS the file, UNPACK the file into a
             directory, BUILD the module (sometimes unnecessary),
             INSTALL the module

     HEY

     AUTHOR

     COPYRIGHT

     perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

         Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-
             processes
             $$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other
             builtins that accept filenames, wait() and
             waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to
             files, directories and network sockets

         Resource limits

         Killing the parent process

         Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes

         CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS
             BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open()
             not yet implemented, Global state maintained by
             XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger application,
             Thread-safety of extensions

     BUGS

     AUTHOR

     SEE ALSO

     perlform - Perl formats

     DESCRIPTION

         Format Variables

     NOTES

         Footers

         Accessing Formatting Internals

     WARNINGS

     perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and

     localization)" localization)"

     DESCRIPTION

     PREPARING TO USE LOCALES

     USING LOCALES

         The use locale pragma

         The setlocale function

         Finding locales

         LOCALE PROBLEMS

         Temporarily fixing locale problems

         Permanently fixing locale problems

         Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration

         Fixing system locale configuration

         The localeconv function

     LOCALE CATEGORIES

         Category LC_COLLATE: Collation

         Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types

         Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting

         Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts

         LC_TIME

         Other categories

     SECURITY
         Comparison operators (`lt', `le', `ge', `gt' and
         `cmp'):, Case-mapping interpolation (with `\l', `\L',
         `\u' or `\U'), Matching operator (`m//'):, Substitution
         operator (`s///'):, Output formatting functions
         (printf() and write()):, Case-mapping functions (lc(),
         lcfirst(), uc(), ucfirst()):, POSIX locale-dependent
         functions (localeconv(), strcoll(),strftime(),
         strxfrm()):, POSIX character class tests (isalnum(),
         isalpha(), isdigit(),isgraph(), islower(), isprint(),
         ispunct(), isspace(), isupper(), isxdigit()):

     ENVIRONMENT
         PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE,
         LC_MONETARY, LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG

     NOTES

         Backward compatibility

         I18N:Collate obsolete

         Sort speed and memory use impacts

         write() and LC_NUMERIC

         Freely available locale definitions

         I18n and l10n

         An imperfect standard

     BUGS

         Broken systems

     SEE ALSO

     HISTORY

     perlref - Perl references and nested data structures

     NOTE

     DESCRIPTION

         Making References

         Using References

         Symbolic references

         Not-so-symbolic references

         Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash

         Function Templates

     WARNING

     SEE ALSO

     perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references

     DESCRIPTION

     Who Needs Complicated Data Structures?

     The Solution

     Syntax

         Making References

         Using References

     An Example

     Arrow Rule

     Solution

     The Rest

     Summary

     Credits

         Distribution Conditions

     perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook

     DESCRIPTION
         arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes,
         hashes of hashes, more elaborate constructs

     REFERENCES

     COMMON MISTAKES

     CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE

     WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS `use strict'

     DEBUGGING

     CODE EXAMPLES

     ARRAYS OF ARRAYS

         Declaration of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS

         Generation of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS

         Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS

     HASHES OF ARRAYS

         Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS

         Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS

         Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS

     ARRAYS OF HASHES

         Declaration of a ARRAY OF HASHES

         Generation of a ARRAY OF HASHES

         Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF HASHES

     HASHES OF HASHES

         Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES

         Generation of a HASH OF HASHES

         Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES

     MORE ELABORATE RECORDS

         Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS

         Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS

         Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS

     Database Ties

     SEE ALSO

     AUTHOR

     perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl

     DESCRIPTION

     Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays

     Growing Your Own

     Access and Printing

     Slices

     SEE ALSO

     AUTHOR

     perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial

     DESCRIPTION

         If we could talk to the animals...

         Introducing the method invocation arrow

         Invoking a barnyard

         The extra parameter of method invocation

         Calling a second method to simplify things

         Inheriting the windpipes

         A few notes about @ISA

         Overriding the methods

         Starting the search from a different place

         The SUPER way of doing things

         Where we're at so far...

         A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it?

         Invoking an instance method

         Accessing the instance data

         How to build a horse

         Inheriting the constructor

         Making a method work with either classes or instances

         Adding parameters to a method

         More interesting instances

         A horse of a different color

         Summary

     SEE ALSO

     COPYRIGHT

     perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl

     DESCRIPTION

     Creating a Class

         Object Representation

         Class Interface

         Constructors and Instance Methods

         Planning for the Future: Better Constructors

         Destructors

         Other Object Methods

     Class Data

         Accessing Class Data

         Debugging Methods

         Class Destructors

         Documenting the Interface

     Aggregation

     Inheritance

         Overridden Methods

         Multiple Inheritance

         UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects

     Alternate Object Representations

         Arrays as Objects

         Closures as Objects

     AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods

         Autoloaded Data Methods

         Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods

     Metaclassical Tools

         Class::Struct

         Data Members as Variables

         NOTES

         Object Terminology

     SEE ALSO

     AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

     COPYRIGHT

         Acknowledgments

     perltootc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl

     DESCRIPTION

     Class Data as Package Variables

         Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket

         Inheritance Concerns

         The Eponymous Meta-Object

         Indirect References to Class Data

         Monadic Classes

         Translucent Attributes

     Class Data as Lexical Variables

         Privacy and Responsibility

         File-Scoped Lexicals

         More Inheritance Concerns

         Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key

         Translucency Revisited

     NOTES

     SEE ALSO

     AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

     ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

     HISTORY

     perlobj - Perl objects

     DESCRIPTION

         An Object is Simply a Reference

         A Class is Simply a Package

         A Method is Simply a Subroutine

         Method Invocation

         WARNING

         Default UNIVERSAL methods
             isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )

         Destructors

         Summary

         Two-Phased Garbage Collection

     SEE ALSO

     perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

         Tying Scalars
             TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this,
             value, DESTROY this

         Tying Arrays
             TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE
             this, index, value, DESTROY this

         Tying Hashes
             USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST,
             FETCH this, key, STORE this, key, value, DELETE
             this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY
             this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, DESTROY this

         Tying FileHandles
             TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT
             this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this, LIST,
             READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, DESTROY this

         The `untie' Gotcha

     SEE ALSO

     BUGS

     AUTHOR

     perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)

     DESCRIPTION

     OO SCALING TIPS

     INSTANCE VARIABLES

     SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES

     INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE

     OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS

     OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS

     USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM

     THINKING OF CODE REUSE

     CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT

     INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR

     DELEGATION

     perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos,
     pipes,

     safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)" safe
     subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)"

     DESCRIPTION

     Signals

     Named Pipes


         WARNING

     Using open() for IPC

         Filehandles

         Background Processes

         Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent

         Safe Pipe Opens

         Bidirectional Communication with Another Process

         Bidirectional Communication with Yourself

     Sockets: Client/Server Communication

         Internet Line Terminators

         Internet TCP Clients and Servers

         Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers

     TCP Clients with IO::Socket

         A Simple Client
             `Proto', `PeerAddr', `PeerPort'

         A Webget Client

         Interactive Client with IO::Socket

     TCP Servers with IO::Socket
         Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse

     UDP: Message Passing

     SysV IPC

     NOTES

     BUGS

     AUTHOR

     SEE ALSO

     perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters



     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION
         filter_store_key, filter_store_value, filter_fetch_key,
         filter_fetch_value

         The Filter

         An Example -- the NULL termination problem.

         Another Example -- Key is a C int.

     SEE ALSO

     AUTHOR

     perldebug - Perl debugging

     DESCRIPTION

     The Perl Debugger

         Debugger Commands
             h [command], p expr, x expr, V [pkg [vars]], X
             [vars], T, s [expr], n [expr], r, <CR>, c
             [line|sub], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l
             subname, -, w [line], f filename, /pattern/,
             ?pattern?, L, S [[!]regex], t, t expr, b [line]
             [condition], b subname [condition], b postpone
             subname [condition], b load filename, b compile
             subname, d [line], D, a [line] command, a [line], A,
             W expr, W, O booloption .., O anyoption? .., O
             option=value .., < ?, < [ command ], << command, >
             ?, > command, >> command, { ?, { [ command ], {{
             command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !!  cmd, H
             -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m
             expr, man [manpage]

         Configurable Options
             `recallCommand', `ShellBang', `pager', `tkRunning',
             `signalLevel', `warnLevel', `dieLevel', `AutoTrace',
             `LineInfo', `inhibit_exit', `PrintRet', `ornaments',
             `frame', `maxTraceLen', `arrayDepth', `hashDepth',
             `compactDump', `veryCompact', `globPrint',
             `DumpDBFiles', `DumpPackages', `DumpReused',
             `quote', `HighBit', `undefPrint', `UsageOnly',
             `TTY', `noTTY', `ReadLine', `NonStop'

         Debugger input/output
             Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line
             Listing Format, Frame listing

         Debugging compile-time statements

         Debugger Customization

         Readline Support

         Editor Support for Debugging

         The Perl Profiler

     Debugging regular expressions

     Debugging memory usage

     SEE ALSO

     BUGS

     perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in
     Perl

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     Storing numbers

     Numeric operators and numeric conversions

     Flavors of Perl numeric operations
         Arithmetic operators except, `no integer', Arithmetic
         operators except, `use integer', Bitwise operators, `no
         integer', Bitwise operators, `use integer', Operators
         which expect an integer, Operators which expect a string

     AUTHOR

     SEE ALSO

     perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging

     DESCRIPTION

     Debugger Internals

         Writing Your Own Debugger

     Frame Listing Output Examples

     Debugging regular expressions


         Compile-time output
             `anchored' STRING `at' POS, `floating' STRING `at'
             POS1..POS2, `matching floating/anchored', `minlen',
             `stclass' TYPE, `noscan', `isall', `GPOS', `plus',
             `implicit', `with eval', `anchored(TYPE)'

         Types of nodes

         Run-time output

     Debugging Perl memory usage

         Using `$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}'
             `buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX)',
             Free/Used, `Total sbrk():  SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS',
             `pad: 0', `heads: 2192', `chain: 0', `tail:  6144'

         Example of using -DL switch
             `717', `002', `054', `602', `702', `704'

         -DL details
             `!!!', `!!', `!'

         Limitations of -DL statistics

     SEE ALSO

     perldiag - various Perl diagnostics

     DESCRIPTION

     perlsec - Perl security

     DESCRIPTION

         Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data

         Switches On the "#!" Line

         Cleaning Up Your Path

         Security Bugs

         Protecting Your Programs

     SEE ALSO

     perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary

     DESCRIPTION


         Awk Traps

         C Traps

         Sed Traps

         Shell Traps

         Perl Traps

         Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
             Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps,
             Parsing Traps, Numerical Traps, General data type
             traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
             Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps
             using s///, etc, Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps,
             OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps

         Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
             Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance,
             Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix,
             Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix,
             Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance

         Parsing Traps
             Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing

         Numerical Traps
             Numerical, Numerical, Numerical, Bitwise string ops

         General data type traps
             (Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs),
             (Scalar String), (Constants), (Scalars), (Variable
             Suicide)

         Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
             (list context), (scalar context), (scalar context),
             (list, builtin)

         Precedence Traps
             Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence,
             Precedence, Precedence, Precedence

         General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
             Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular
             Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression,
             Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular
             Expression

         Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
             (Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you
             specify a filehandle

         OS Traps
             (SysV), (SysV)

         Interpolation Traps
             Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
             Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
             Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation

         DBM Traps
             DBM, DBM

         Unclassified Traps
             `require'/`do' trap using returned value, `split' on
             empty string with LIMIT specified

     perlport - Writing portable Perl

     DESCRIPTION
         Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of
         Perl already is portable

     ISSUES

         Newlines

         Numbers endianness and Width

         Files and Filesystems

         System Interaction

         Interprocess Communication (IPC)

         External Subroutines (XS)

         Standard Modules

         Time and Date

         Character sets and character encoding

         Internationalisation

         System Resources

         Security

         Style

     CPAN Testers
         Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results:
         http://testers.cpan.org/

     PLATFORMS

         Unix

         DOS and Derivatives
             Build instructions for OS/2, the perlos2 manpage

         Mac OS

         VMS

         VOS

         EBCDIC Platforms

         Acorn RISC OS

         Other perls

     FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS

         Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
             -X FILEHANDLE, -X EXPR, -X, alarm SECONDS, alarm,
             binmode FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown LIST, chroot
             FILENAME, chroot, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose
             HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec
             LIST, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock
             FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, getlogin, getpgrp PID,
             getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME,
             getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID,
             getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE,
             getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO,
             getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent,
             getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent,
             sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent
             STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent,
             endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent,
             getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob,
             ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill SIGNAL, LIST,
             link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR,
             lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd
             ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open
             FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, pipe
             READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink,
             select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl
             ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop
             KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP,
             setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt
             SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG,
             shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE,
             shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, socketpair
             SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat
             FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, symlink
             OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
             FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times,
             truncate FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH,
             umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST, wait, waitpid
             PID,FLAGS

     CHANGES
         v1.47, 22 March 2000, v1.46, 12 February 2000, v1.45, 20
         December 1999, v1.44, 19 July 1999, v1.43, 24 May 1999,
         v1.42, 22 May 1999, v1.41, 19 May 1999, v1.40, 11 April
         1999, v1.39, 11 February 1999, v1.38, 31 December 1998,
         v1.37, 19 December 1998, v1.36, 9 September 1998, v1.35,
         13 August 1998, v1.33, 06 August 1998, v1.32, 05 August
         1998, v1.30, 03 August 1998, v1.23, 10 July 1998

     Supported Platforms

     SEE ALSO

     AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS

     VERSION

     perlstyle - Perl style guide

     DESCRIPTION

     perlpod - plain old documentation

     DESCRIPTION

         Verbatim Paragraph

         Command Paragraph

         Ordinary Block of Text

         The Intent

         Embedding Pods in Perl Modules

         Common Pod Pitfalls

     SEE ALSO

     AUTHOR

     perlbook - Perl book information



     DESCRIPTION

     perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program

     DESCRIPTION

         PREAMBLE
             Use C from Perl?, Use a Unix program from Perl?, Use
             Perl from Perl?, Use C from C?, Use Perl from C?

         ROADMAP

         Compiling your C program

         Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program

         Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program

         Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program

        program
         Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C

         Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program

         Maintaining a persistent interpreter

         Maintaining multiple interpreter instances

        your C program
         Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from

     Embedding Perl under Win32

     MORAL

     AUTHOR

     COPYRIGHT

     perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION
         PerlIO *, PPeerrllIIOO_ssttddiinn(()), PPeerrllIIOO_ssttddoouutt(()),
         PPeerrllIIOO_ssttddeerrrr(()), PerlIO_open(path, mode),
         PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode), PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...),
         PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a), PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...),
         PerlIO_read(f,buf,count), PerlIO_write(f,buf,count),
         PPeerrllIIOO_cclloossee(f), PerlIO_puts(f,s), PerlIO_putc(f,c),
         PerlIO_ungetc(f,c), PPeerrllIIOO_ggeettcc(f), PPeerrllIIOO_eeooff(f),
         PPeerrllIIOO_eerrrroorr(f), PPeerrllIIOO_ffiilleennoo(f), PPeerrllIIOO_cclleeaarreerrrr(f),
         PPeerrllIIOO_fflluusshh(f), PPeerrllIIOO_tteellll(f), PerlIO_seek(f,o,w),
         PerlIO_getpos(f,p), PerlIO_setpos(f,p),
         PPeerrllIIOO_rreewwiinndd(f), PPeerrllIIOO_ttmmppffiillee(())

         Co-existence with stdio
             PerlIO_importFILE(f,flags),
             PerlIO_exportFILE(f,flags), PPeerrllIIOO_ffiinnddFFIILLEE(f),
             PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f), PPeerrllIIOO_sseettlliinneebbuuff(f),
             PPeerrllIIOO_hhaass_ccnnttppttrr(f), PPeerrllIIOO_ggeett_ppttrr(f),
             PPeerrllIIOO_ggeett_ccnntt(f), PPeerrllIIOO_ccaannsseett_ccnntt(f),
             PPeerrllIIOO_ffaasstt_ggeettss(f), PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c),
             PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c), PPeerrllIIOO_hhaass_bbaassee(f),
             PPeerrllIIOO_ggeett_bbaassee(f), PPeerrllIIOO_ggeett_bbuuffssiizz(f)

     perlxs - XS language reference manual

     DESCRIPTION

         Introduction

         On The Road

         The Anatomy of an XSUB

         The Argument Stack

         The RETVAL Variable

         The MODULE Keyword

         The PACKAGE Keyword

         The PREFIX Keyword

         The OUTPUT: Keyword

         The CODE: Keyword

         The INIT: Keyword

         The NO_INIT Keyword

         Initializing Function Parameters

         Default Parameter Values

         The PREINIT: Keyword

         The SCOPE: Keyword


         The INPUT: Keyword

         Variable-length Parameter Lists

         The C_ARGS: Keyword

         The PPCODE: Keyword

         Returning Undef And Empty Lists

         The REQUIRE: Keyword

         The CLEANUP: Keyword

         The BOOT: Keyword

         The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword

         The PROTOTYPES: Keyword

         The PROTOTYPE: Keyword

         The ALIAS: Keyword

         The INTERFACE: Keyword

         The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword

         The INCLUDE: Keyword

         The CASE: Keyword

         The & Unary Operator

         Inserting Comments and C Preprocessor Directives

         Using XS With C++

         Interface Strategy

         Perl Objects And C Structures

         The Typemap

     EXAMPLES

     XS VERSION

     AUTHOR



     perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs

     DESCRIPTION

     SPECIAL NOTES

         make

         Version caveat

         Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading

     TUTORIAL

         EXAMPLE 1

         EXAMPLE 2

         What has gone on?

         Writing good test scripts

         EXAMPLE 3

         What's new here?

         Input and Output Parameters

         The XSUBPP Program

         The TYPEMAP file

         Warning about Output Arguments

         EXAMPLE 4

         What has happened here?

         Anatomy of .xs file

         Getting the fat out of XSUBs

         More about XSUB arguments

         The Argument Stack

         Extending your Extension

         Documenting your Extension

         Installing your Extension

         EXAMPLE 5

         New Things in this Example

         EXAMPLE 6 (Coming Soon)

         EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon)

         EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon)

         EXAMPLE 9 (Coming Soon)

         Troubleshooting these Examples

     See also

     Author

         Last Changed

     perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API

     DESCRIPTION

     Variables

         Datatypes

         What is an "IV"?

         Working with SVs

         What's Really Stored in an SV?

         Working with AVs

         Working with HVs

         Hash API Extensions

         References

         Blessed References and Class Objects

         Creating New Variables

         Reference Counts and Mortality

         Stashes and Globs

         Double-Typed SVs

         Magic Variables

         Assigning Magic

         Magic Virtual Tables

         Finding Magic

         Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays

         Localizing changes
             `SAVEINT(int i)', `SAVEIV(IV i)', `SAVEI32(I32 i)',
             `SAVELONG(long i)', `SAVESPTR(s)', `SAVEPPTR(p)',
             `SAVEFREESV(SV *sv)', `SAVEFREEOP(OP *op)',
             `SAVEFREEPV(p)', `SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv)',
             `SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char *key, I32 length)',
             `SAVEDESTRUCTOR(DESTRUCTORFUNC_NOCONTEXT_t f, void
             *p)', `SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(DESTRUCTORFUNC_t f, void
             *p)', `SAVESTACK_POS()', `SV* save_scalar(GV *gv)',
             `AV* save_ary(GV *gv)', `HV* save_hash(GV *gv)',
             `void save_item(SV *item)', `void save_list(SV
             **sarg, I32 maxsarg)', `SV* save_svref(SV **sptr)',
             `void save_aptr(AV **aptr)', `void save_hptr(HV
             **hptr)'

     Subroutines

         XSUBs and the Argument Stack

         Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs

         Memory Allocation

         PerlIO

         Putting a C value on Perl stack

         Scratchpads

         Scratchpads and recursion

     Compiled code

         Code tree

         Examining the tree

         Compile pass 1: check routines

         Compile pass 1a: constant folding


         Compile pass 2: context propagation

         Compile pass 3: peephole optimization

     How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported

         Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT

         How do I use all this in extensions?

         Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS

     AUTHORS

     SEE ALSO

     perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C

     DESCRIPTION
         An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program

     THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS
         call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv

     FLAG VALUES

         G_VOID

         G_SCALAR

         G_ARRAY

         G_DISCARD

         G_NOARGS

         G_EVAL

         G_KEEPERR

         Determining the Context

     KNOWN PROBLEMS

     EXAMPLES

         No Parameters, Nothing returned

         Passing Parameters

         Returning a Scalar

         Returning a list of values

         Returning a list in a scalar context

         Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list

         Using G_EVAL

         Using G_KEEPERR

         Using call_sv

         Using call_argv

         Using call_method

         Using GIMME_V

         Using Perl to dispose of temporaries

         Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
             1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2.
             Create a sequence of callbacks - hard wired limit,
             3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl callback

         Alternate Stack Manipulation

         Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C

     SEE ALSO

     AUTHOR

     DATE

     perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator

     DESCRIPTION

         Layout
             B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse,
             B::Xref

     Using The Back Ends

         The Cross Referencing Back End
             i, &, s, r

         The Decompiling Back End

         The Lint Back End

         The Simple C Back End

         The Bytecode Back End

         The Optimized C Back End
             B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock,
             B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Debug, B::Deparse,
             B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj,
             B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref

     KNOWN PROBLEMS

     AUTHOR

     perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public
     API

     DESCRIPTION
         AvFILL, av_clear, av_extend, av_fetch, av_len, av_make,
         av_pop, av_push, av_shift, av_store, av_undef,
         av_unshift, call_argv, call_method, call_pv, call_sv,
         CLASS, Copy, croak, CvSTASH, dMARK, dORIGMARK, dSP,
         dXSARGS, dXSI32, ENTER, eval_pv, eval_sv, EXTEND,
         fbm_compile, fbm_instr, FREETMPS, get_av, get_cv,
         get_hv, get_sv, GIMME, GIMME_V, GvSV, gv_fetchmeth,
         gv_fetchmethod, gv_fetchmethod_autoload, gv_stashpv,
         gv_stashsv, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, G_NOARGS,
         G_SCALAR, G_VOID, HEf_SVKEY, HeHASH, HeKEY, HeKLEN,
         HePV, HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set, HeVAL,
         HvNAME, hv_clear, hv_delete, hv_delete_ent, hv_exists,
         hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent, hv_iterinit,
         hv_iterkey, hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv,
         hv_iterval, hv_magic, hv_store, hv_store_ent, hv_undef,
         isALNUM, isALPHA, isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER,
         items, ix, LEAVE, looks_like_number, MARK, mg_clear,
         mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_length,
         mg_magical, mg_set, Move, New, newAV, Newc, newCONSTSUB,
         newHV, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, NEWSV, newSViv, newSVnv,
         newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVrv, newSVsv, newSVuv,
         newXS, newXSproto, Newz, Nullav, Nullch, Nullcv, Nullhv,
         Nullsv, ORIGMARK, perl_alloc, perl_construct,
         perl_destruct, perl_free, perl_parse, perl_run,
         PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, PL_dowarn,
         PL_modglobal, PL_na, PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef, PL_sv_yes,
         POPi, POPl, POPn, POPp, POPs, PUSHi, PUSHMARK, PUSHn,
         PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu, PUTBACK, Renew, Renewc, require_pv,
         RETVAL, Safefree, savepv, savepvn, SAVETMPS, SP,
         SPAGAIN, ST, strEQ, strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE,
         strnEQ, strnNE, StructCopy, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, SvEND,
         SvGETMAGIC, SvGROW, SvIOK, SvIOKp, SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on,
         SvIOK_only, SvIV, SvIVX, SvLEN, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp,
         SvNIOK_off, SvNOK, SvNOKp, SvNOK_off, SvNOK_on,
         SvNOK_only, SvNV, SvNVX, SvOK, SvOOK, SvPOK, SvPOKp,
         SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPV, SvPVX,
         SvPV_force, SvPV_nolen, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec,
         SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV,
         SvSETMAGIC, SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, SvSTASH, SvTAINT,
         SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on, SvTRUE, SvTYPE,
         svtype, SVt_IV, SVt_NV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV,
         SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG, SvUPGRADE, SvUV, SvUVX, sv_2mortal,
         sv_bless, sv_catpv, sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catpvn,
         sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpv_mg, sv_catsv, sv_catsv_mg,
         sv_chop, sv_cmp, sv_dec, sv_derived_from, sv_eq,
         sv_grow, sv_inc, sv_insert, sv_isa, sv_isobject, sv_len,
         sv_magic, sv_mortalcopy, sv_newmortal, sv_setiv,
         sv_setiv_mg, sv_setnv, sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv, sv_setpvf,
         sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpviv, sv_setpviv_mg, sv_setpvn,
         sv_setpvn_mg, sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv,
         sv_setref_pv, sv_setref_pvn, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_mg,
         sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg, sv_unref, sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn,
         sv_usepvn_mg, sv_vcatpvfn, sv_vsetpvfn, THIS, toLOWER,
         toUPPER, warn, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XPUSHu,
         XS, XSRETURN, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO,
         XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF, XSRETURN_YES,
         XST_mIV, XST_mNO, XST_mNV, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF,
         XST_mYES, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK, Zero

     AUTHORS

     SEE ALSO

     perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely internal

                Perl functions"            Perl functions"

     DESCRIPTION

     AUTHORS

     SEE ALSO

     perlhist - the Perl history records

     DESCRIPTION

     INTRODUCTION

     THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN

         PUMPKIN?

     THE RECORDS


         SELECTED RELEASE SIZES

         SELECTED PATCH SIZES

     THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS



PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
     attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION
         method, locked

     re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     attributes - get/set subroutine or variable attributes

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

         Built-in Attributes
             locked, method, lvalue

         Available Subroutines
             get, reftype

         Package-specific Attribute Handling
             FETCH_type_ATTRIBUTES, MODIFY_type_ATTRIBUTES

         Syntax of Attribute Lists

     EXPORTS

         Default exports

         Available exports

         Export tags defined

     EXAMPLES

     SEE ALSO



     attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION
         method, locked

     autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     WARNING

     AUTHOR

     SEE ALSO

     base - Establish IS-A relationship with base class at
     compile time

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     HISTORY

     SEE ALSO

     blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     BUGS

     AUTHOR

     bytes - Perl pragma to force byte semantics rather than
     character

     semantics" semantics"

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     SEE ALSO


     charnames - define character names for `\N{named}' string
     literal

     escape."  escape."

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     CUSTOM TRANSLATORS

     BUGS

     constant - Perl pragma to declare constants

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     NOTES

     TECHNICAL NOTE

     BUGS

     AUTHOR

     COPYRIGHT

     diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning

     diagnostics" diagnostics"

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

         The `diagnostics' Pragma

         The splain Program

     EXAMPLES

     INTERNALS

     BUGS

     AUTHOR



     fields - compile-time class fields

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION
         new, phash

     SEE ALSO

     filetest - Perl pragma to control the filetest permission
     operators

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

         subpragma access

     integer - Perl pragma to compute arithmetic in integer
     instead of

     double" double"

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     less - perl pragma to request less of something from the
     compiler

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     lib - manipulate @INC at compile time

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

         Adding directories to @INC

         Deleting directories from @INC

         Restoring original @INC

     SEE ALSO

     AUTHOR



     locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for
     built-in

     operations" operations"

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     open - perl pragma to set default disciplines for input and
     output

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     UNIMPLEMENTED FUNCTIONALITY

     SEE ALSO

     ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when
     compiling

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     SEE ALSO

     overload - Package for overloading perl operations

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

         Declaration of overloaded functions

         Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
             FALSE, TRUE, `undef'

         Calling Conventions for Unary Operations

         Calling Conventions for Mutators
             `++' and `--', `x=' and other assignment versions

         Overloadable Operations
             Arithmetic operations, Comparison operations, Bit
             operations, Increment and decrement, Transcendental
             functions, Boolean, string and numeric conversion,
             Iteration, Dereferencing, Special


         Inheritance and overloading
             Strings as values of `use overload' directive,
             Overloading of an operation is inherited by derived
             classes

     SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR `use overload'

         Last Resort

         Fallback
             `undef', TRUE, defined, but FALSE

         Copy Constructor
             Example

     MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
         Assignment forms of arithmetic operations, Conversion
         operations, Increment and decrement, `abs($a)', Unary
         minus, Negation, Concatenation, Comparison operations,
         Iterator, Dereferencing, Copy operator

     Losing overloading

     Run-time Overloading

     Public functions
         overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg),
         overload::Method(obj,op)

     Overloading constants
         integer, float, binary, q, qr

     IMPLEMENTATION

     Metaphor clash

     Cookbook

         Two-face scalars

         Two-face references

         Symbolic calculator

         Really symbolic calculator

     AUTHOR

     DIAGNOSTICS

     BUGS

     re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     OPTIONS

         SIGNAL HANDLERS
             stack-trace, die, handler your-handler

         SIGNAL LISTS
             normal-signals, error-signals, old-interface-signals

         OTHER
             untrapped, any, signal, number

     EXAMPLES

     strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION
         `strict refs', `strict vars', `strict subs'

     subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     utf8 - Perl pragma to enable/disable UTF-8 in source code

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     SEE ALSO

     vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names
     (obsolete)

     SYNOPSIS


     DESCRIPTION

     warnings - Perl pragma to control optional warnings

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION
         use warnings::register, warnings::enabled([$category]),
         warnings::warn([$category,] $message)



MODULE DOCUMENTATION
     AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

         DBM Comparisons
             [0], [1], [2], [3]

     SEE ALSO

     AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

         Subroutine Stubs

         Using AutoLoader's AUTOLOAD Subroutine

         Overriding AutoLoader's AUTOLOAD Subroutine

         Package Lexicals

         AutoLoader vs. SelfLoader

     CAVEATS

     SEE ALSO

     AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION
         $keep, $check, $modtime

         Multiple packages


     DIAGNOSTICS

     B - The Perl Compiler

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     OVERVIEW OF CLASSES

         SV-RELATED CLASSES

         B::SV METHODS
             REFCNT, FLAGS

         B::IV METHODS
             IV, IVX, needs64bits, packiv

         B::NV METHODS
             NV, NVX

         B::RV METHODS
             RV

         B::PV METHODS
             PV

         B::PVMG METHODS
             MAGIC, SvSTASH

         B::MAGIC METHODS
             MOREMAGIC, PRIVATE, TYPE, FLAGS, OBJ, PTR

         B::PVLV METHODS
             TARGOFF, TARGLEN, TYPE, TARG

         B::BM METHODS
             USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE

         B::GV METHODS
             is_empty, NAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV,
             CV, CVGEN, LINE, FILE, FILEGV, GvREFCNT, FLAGS

         B::IO METHODS
             LINES, PAGE, PAGE_LEN, LINES_LEFT, TOP_NAME, TOP_GV,
             FMT_NAME, FMT_GV, BOTTOM_NAME, BOTTOM_GV,
             SUBPROCESS, IoTYPE, IoFLAGS

         B::AV METHODS
             FILL, MAX, OFF, ARRAY, AvFLAGS


         B::CV METHODS
             STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILE, DEPTH, PADLIST,
             OUTSIDE, XSUB, XSUBANY, CvFLAGS

         B::HV METHODS
             FILL, MAX, KEYS, RITER, NAME, PMROOT, ARRAY

         OP-RELATED CLASSES

         B::OP METHODS
             next, sibling, name, ppaddr, desc, targ, type, seq,
             flags, private

         B::UNOP METHOD
             first

         B::BINOP METHOD
             last

         B::LOGOP METHOD
             other

         B::LISTOP METHOD
             children

         B::PMOP METHODS
             pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmregexp, pmflags,
             pmpermflags, precomp

         B::SVOP METHOD
             sv, gv

         B::PADOP METHOD
             padix

         B::PVOP METHOD
             pv

         B::LOOP METHODS
             redoop, nextop, lastop

         B::COP METHODS
             label, stash, file, cop_seq, arybase, line

     FUNCTIONS EXPORTED BY `B'
         main_cv, init_av, main_root, main_start, comppadlist,
         sv_undef, sv_yes, sv_no, amagic_generation,
         walkoptree(OP, METHOD), walkoptree_debug(DEBUG),
         walksymtable(SYMREF, METHOD, RECURSE),
         svref_2object(SV), ppname(OPNUM), hash(STR),
         cast_I32(I), minus_c, cstring(STR), class(OBJ),
         threadsv_names

     AUTHOR

     B::Asmdata - Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to
     generate

     bytecode" bytecode"

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     AUTHOR

     B::Assembler - Assemble Perl bytecode

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     AUTHOR

     B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     AUTHOR

     B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     OPTIONS
         -ofilename, -afilename, --, -f, -fcompress-nullops,
         -fomit-sequence-numbers, -fbypass-nullops, -fstrip-
         syntax-tree, -On, -D, -Do, -Db, -Da, -DC, -S, -m

     EXAMPLES

     BUGS

     AUTHOR

     B::C - Perl compiler's C backend

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     OPTIONS
         -ofilename, -v, --, -uPackname, -D, -Do, -Dc, -DA, -DC,
         -DM, -f, -fcog, -fno-cog, -On, -llimit

     EXAMPLES

     BUGS

     AUTHOR

     B::CC - Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     OPTIONS
         -ofilename, -v, --, -uPackname, -mModulename, -D, -Dr,
         -DO, -Ds, -Dp, -Dq, -Dl, -Dt, -f, -ffreetmps-each-
         bblock, -ffreetmps-each-loop, -fomit-taint, -On

     EXAMPLES

     BUGS

     DIFFERENCES

         Loops

         Context of ".."

         Arithmetic

         Deprecated features

     AUTHOR

     B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about
     ops

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     AUTHOR

     B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     OPTIONS
         -l, -p, -q, -uPACKAGE, -sLETTERS, C, iNUMBER, T,
         vSTRING.

     USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE

         Synopsis

         Description

         new

         coderef2text

     BUGS

     AUTHOR

     B::Disassembler - Disassemble Perl bytecode

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     AUTHOR

     B::Lint - Perl lint

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS
         context, implicit-read and implicit-write, dollar-
         underscore, private-names, undefined-subs, regexp-
         variables, all, none

     NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS
         -u Package

     BUGS

     AUTHOR

     B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     CONVENTIONS

     IMPLEMENTATION

     AUTHOR

     B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or
     files

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     AUTHOR

     B::Stackobj - Helper module for CC backend

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     AUTHOR

     B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about
     ops

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     AUTHOR

     B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl
     programs

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     OPTIONS
         `-oFILENAME', `-r', `-D[tO]'

     BUGS

     AUTHOR

     Bblock, B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     AUTHOR

     Benchmark - benchmark running times of Perl code

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

         Methods
             new, debug, iters

         Standard Exports
             timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [
             TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ), timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF,
             [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr (
             TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] )

         Optional Exports
             clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), cmpthese (
             COUT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), cmpthese (
             RESULTSHASHREF ), countit(TIME, CODE), disablecache
             ( ), enablecache ( ), timesum ( T1, T2 )

     NOTES

     EXAMPLES

     INHERITANCE

     CAVEATS

     SEE ALSO

     AUTHORS

     MODIFICATION HISTORY

     ByteLoader - load byte compiled perl code

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     AUTHOR

     SEE ALSO

     Bytecode, B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION


     OPTIONS
         -ofilename, -afilename, --, -f, -fcompress-nullops,
         -fomit-sequence-numbers, -fbypass-nullops, -fstrip-
         syntax-tree, -On, -D, -Do, -Db, -Da, -DC, -S, -m

     EXAMPLES

     BUGS

     AUTHOR

     CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class

     SYNOPSIS

     ABSTRACT

     DESCRIPTION

         PROGRAMMING STYLE

         CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES
             1. Use another name for the argument, if one is
             available.  Forexample, -value is an alias for
             -values, 2. Change the capitalization, e.g. -Values,
             3. Put quotes around the argument name, e.g.
             '-values'

         CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE):

         CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE

         FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:

        SCRIPT:
         FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR

         FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:

         SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:

         APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:

         IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:

         DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:

         DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:

         DIRECT ACCESS TO THE PARAMETER LIST:


         FETCHING THE PARAMETER LIST AS A HASH:

         SAVING THE STATE OF THE SCRIPT TO A FILE:

         RETRIEVING CGI ERRORS

         USING THE FUNCTION-ORIENTED INTERFACE
             :cgi, :form, :html2, :html3, :netscape, :html,
             :standard, :all

         PRAGMAS
             -any, -compile, -nph, -newstyle_urls, -autoload,
             -no_debug, -private_tempfiles

         SPECIAL FORMS FOR IMPORTING HTML-TAG FUNCTIONS
             1. start_table() (generates a <TABLE> tag), 2.
             end_table() (generates a </TABLE> tag), 3.
             start_ul() (generates a <UL> tag), 4. end_ul()
             (generates a </UL> tag)

     GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS

         CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER:

         GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER

         CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER
             Parameters:, 4, 5, 6..

         ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:

        INFORMATION:
         CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE

         OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL
             -absolute, -relative, -full, -path (-path_info),
             -query (-query_string)

         MIXING POST AND URL PARAMETERS

     CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS:

         PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS

         THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS

         HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION

         NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS

         PRETTY-PRINTING HTML

     CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS:

         CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG

         STARTING AND ENDING A FORM
             application/x-www-form-urlencoded, multipart/form-
             data

         CREATING A TEXT FIELD
             Parameters

         CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD

         CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD

         CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD
             Parameters

         CREATING A POPUP MENU

         CREATING A SCROLLING LIST
             Parameters:

         CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES
             Parameters:

         CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX
             Parameters:

         CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP
             Parameters:

         CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
             Parameters:

         CREATING A RESET BUTTON

         CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON

         CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD
             Parameters:

         CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
             Parameters:, 3.The third option (-align, optional)
             is an alignment type, and may be TOP, BOTTOM or
             MIDDLE

         CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON

     HTTP COOKIES
         1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a
         "secure" flag, -name, -value, -path, -domain, -expires,
         -secure

     WORKING WITH FRAMES
         1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the
         destination for the document in the HTTP header, 3.
         Specify the destination for the document in the <FORM>
         tag

     LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS

     DEBUGGING

         DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS

     FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
         AAcccceepptt(()), rraaww_ccooookkiiee(()), uusseerr_aaggeenntt(()), ppaatthh_iinnffoo(()),
         ppaatthh_ttrraannssllaatteedd(()), rreemmoottee_hhoosstt(()), ssccrriipptt_nnaammee(())Return
         the script name as a partial URL, for self-refering
         scripts, rreeffeerreerr(()), auth_type (), server_name (),
         virtual_host (), server_software (), remote_user (),
         user_name (), rreeqquueesstt_mmeetthhoodd(()), ccoonntteenntt_ttyyppee(()), hhttttpp(()),
         hhttttppss(())

     USING NPH SCRIPTS
         In the use statement, By calling the nnpphh(()) method:, By
         using -nph parameters in the hheeaaddeerr(()) and rreeddiirreecctt(())
         statements:

     Server Push
         multipart_init(), multipart_start(), multipart_end()

     Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks
         $CGI::POST_MAX, $CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS, 1. On a script-
         by-script basis, 2. Globally for all scripts

     COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL

     AUTHOR INFORMATION

     CREDITS
         Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James
         Taylor (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish
         <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell
         (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin
         (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg (jh@axis.se),
         Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@delfosse.com), Richard
         Resnick (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop
         (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis
         (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk),
         Tom Christiansen (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig
         (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim MacKenzie
         (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks
         (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen
         (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net),
         David Alan Pisoni (david@cnation.com), Doug MacEachern
         (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston
         (robin@oneworld.org), ...and many many more..

     A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT

     BUGS

     SEE ALSO

     CGI::Apache - Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm

     SYNOPSIS

     ABSTRACT

     DESCRIPTION

     AUTHOR INFORMATION

     BUGS

     SEE ALSO

     CGI::Carp, CGI::Carp - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD
     (or

     other) error log" other) error log"

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES

     MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW

         Changing the default message

     CHANGE LOG

     AUTHORS

     SEE ALSO

     CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies

     SYNOPSIS


     DESCRIPTION

     USING CGI::Cookie
         1. expiration date, 2. domain, 3. path, 4. secure flag

         Creating New Cookies

         Sending the Cookie to the Browser

         Recovering Previous Cookies

         Manipulating Cookies
             nnaammee(()), vvaalluuee(()), ddoommaaiinn(()), ppaatthh(()), eexxppiirreess(())

     AUTHOR INFORMATION

     BUGS

     SEE ALSO

     CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE

     WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS

     INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS

     USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS

     CAVEATS

     AUTHOR INFORMATION

     BUGS

     SEE ALSO

     CGI::Pretty - module to produce nicely formatted HTML code

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

         Tags that won't be formatted

         Customizing the Indenting

     BUGS

     AUTHOR

     SEE ALSO

     CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     USING CGI::Push
         -next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target,
         -expires

         Heterogeneous Pages

         Changing the Page Delay on the Fly

     INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS

     AUTHOR INFORMATION

     BUGS

     SEE ALSO

     CGI::Switch - Backward compatibility module for defunct
     CGI::Switch

     SYNOPSIS

     ABSTRACT

     DESCRIPTION

     AUTHOR INFORMATION

     BUGS

     SEE ALSO

     CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN
     sites

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

         Interactive Mode
             Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files
             and modules, make, test, install, clean modules or
             distributions, get, readme, look module or
             distribution, Signals

         CPAN::Shell

         autobundle

         recompile

        Distribution
         The four `CPAN::*' Classes: Author, Bundle, Module,

         Programmer's interface
             expand($type,@things), Programming Examples

         Methods in the four Classes

         Cache Manager

         Bundles

         Prerequisites

         Finding packages and VERSION

         Debugging

         Floppy, Zip, Offline Mode

     CONFIGURATION
         `o conf <scalar option>', `o conf <scalar option>
         <value>', `o conf <list option>', `o conf <list option>
         [shift|pop]', `o conf <list option>
         [unshift|push|splice] <list>'

         Note on urllist parameter's format

         urllist parameter has CD-ROM support

     SECURITY

     EXPORT

     POPULATE AN INSTALLATION WITH LOTS OF MODULES

     WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS
         http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS,
         IP Masquerade

     BUGS

     AUTHOR

     SEE ALSO

     CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file
     Initialization

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any
     XS

     module" module"

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     SEE ALSO

     Carp, carp    - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

         Forcing a Stack Trace

     BUGS

     Carp::Heavy - Carp guts

     SYNOPIS

     DESCRIPTION

     Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl
     classes

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

         The `struct()' function

         Element Types and Accessor Methods
             Scalar (`'$'' or `'*$''), Array (`'@'' or `'*@''),
             Hash (`'%'' or `'*%''), Class (`'Class_Name'' or
             `'*Class_Name'')

         Initializing with `new'

     EXAMPLES
         Example 1, Example 2, Example 3

     Author and Modification History

     Config - access Perl configuration information

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION
         myconfig(), config_sh(), config_vars(@names)

     EXAMPLE

     WARNING

     GLOSSARY

         _   `_a', `_exe', `_o'

         a   `afs', `alignbytes', `ansi2knr', `aphostname',
             `api_revision', `api_subversion', `api_version',
             `api_versionstring', `ar', `archlib', `archlibexp',
             `archname64', `archname', `archobjs', `awk'

         b   `baserev', `bash', `bin', `bincompat5005', `binexp',
             `bison', `byacc', `byteorder'

         c   `c', `castflags', `cat', `cc', `cccdlflags',
             `ccdlflags', `ccflags', `ccsymbols', `cf_by',
             `cf_email', `cf_time', `charsize', `chgrp', `chmod',
             `chown', `clocktype', `comm', `compress'

         C   `CONFIGDOTSH', `contains', `cp', `cpio', `cpp',
             `cpp_stuff', `cppccsymbols', `cppflags', `cpplast',
             `cppminus', `cpprun', `cppstdin', `cppsymbols',
             `crosscompile', `cryptlib', `csh'

         d   `d_access', `d_accessx', `d_alarm', `d_archlib',
             `d_atolf', `d_atoll', `d_attribut', `d_bcmp',
             `d_bcopy', `d_bincompat5005', `d_bsd',
             `d_bsdgetpgrp', `d_bsdsetpgrp', `d_bzero',
             `d_casti32', `d_castneg', `d_charvspr', `d_chown',
             `d_chroot', `d_chsize', `d_closedir', `d_const',
             `d_crypt', `d_csh', `d_cuserid', `d_dbl_dig',
             `d_difftime', `d_dirnamlen', `d_dlerror',
             `d_dlopen', `d_dlsymun', `d_dosuid',
             `d_drand48proto', `d_dup2', `d_eaccess',
             `d_endgrent', `d_endhent', `d_endnent', `d_endpent',
             `d_endpwent', `d_endsent', `d_endspent',
             `d_eofnblk', `d_eunice', `d_fchmod', `d_fchown',
             `d_fcntl', `d_fd_macros', `d_fd_set', `d_fds_bits',
             `d_fgetpos', `d_flexfnam', `d_flock', `d_fork',
             `d_fpathconf', `d_fpos64_t', `d_fs_data_s',
             `d_fseeko', `d_fsetpos', `d_fstatfs', `d_fstatvfs',
             `d_ftello', `d_ftime', `d_Gconvert', `d_getcwd',
             `d_getfsstat', `d_getgrent', `d_getgrps',
             `d_gethbyaddr', `d_gethbyname', `d_gethent',
             `d_gethname', `d_gethostprotos', `d_getlogin',
             `d_getmnt', `d_getmntent', `d_getnbyaddr',
             `d_getnbyname', `d_getnent', `d_getnetprotos',
             `d_getpbyname', `d_getpbynumber', `d_getpent',
             `d_getpgid', `d_getpgrp2', `d_getpgrp', `d_getppid',
             `d_getprior', `d_getprotoprotos', `d_getpwent',
             `d_getsbyname', `d_getsbyport', `d_getsent',
             `d_getservprotos', `d_getspent', `d_getspnam',
             `d_gettimeod', `d_gnulibc', `d_grpasswd',
             `d_hasmntopt', `d_htonl', `d_iconv', `d_index',
             `d_inetaton', `d_int64_t', `d_isascii', `d_killpg',
             `d_lchown', `d_ldbl_dig', `d_link', `d_locconv',
             `d_lockf', `d_longdbl', `d_longlong',
             `d_lseekproto', `d_lstat', `d_madvise', `d_mblen',
             `d_mbstowcs', `d_mbtowc', `d_memchr', `d_memcmp',
             `d_memcpy', `d_memmove', `d_memset', `d_mkdir',
             `d_mkdtemp', `d_mkfifo', `d_mkstemp', `d_mkstemps',
             `d_mktime', `d_mmap', `d_mprotect', `d_msg',
             `d_msg_ctrunc', `d_msg_dontroute', `d_msg_oob',
             `d_msg_peek', `d_msg_proxy', `d_msgctl', `d_msgget',
             `d_msgrcv', `d_msgsnd', `d_msync', `d_munmap',
             `d_mymalloc', `d_nice', `d_nv_preserves_uv',
             `d_off64_t', `d_old_pthread_create_joinable',
             `d_oldpthreads', `d_oldsock', `d_open3',
             `d_pathconf', `d_pause', `d_phostname', `d_pipe',
             `d_poll', `d_portable', `d_PRId64', `d_PRIeldbl',
             `d_PRIEldbl', `d_PRIfldbl', `d_PRIFldbl',
             `d_PRIgldbl', `d_PRIGldbl', `d_PRIi64', `d_PRIo64',
             `d_PRIu64', `d_PRIx64', `d_PRIX64',
             `d_pthread_yield', `d_pwage', `d_pwchange',
             `d_pwclass', `d_pwcomment', `d_pwexpire',
             `d_pwgecos', `d_pwpasswd', `d_pwquota', `d_qgcvt',
             `d_quad', `d_readdir', `d_readlink', `d_rename',
             `d_rewinddir', `d_rmdir', `d_safebcpy',
             `d_safemcpy', `d_sanemcmp', `d_sched_yield',
             `d_scm_rights', `d_seekdir', `d_select', `d_sem',
             `d_semctl', `d_semctl_semid_ds', `d_semctl_semun',
             `d_semget', `d_semop', `d_setegid', `d_seteuid',
             `d_setgrent', `d_setgrps', `d_sethent',
             `d_setlinebuf', `d_setlocale', `d_setnent',
             `d_setpent', `d_setpgid', `d_setpgrp2', `d_setpgrp',
             `d_setprior', `d_setpwent', `d_setregid',
             `d_setresgid', `d_setresuid', `d_setreuid',
             `d_setrgid', `d_setruid', `d_setsent', `d_setsid',
             `d_setspent', `d_setvbuf', `d_sfio', `d_shm',
             `d_shmat', `d_shmatprototype', `d_shmctl',
             `d_shmdt', `d_shmget', `d_sigaction', `d_sigsetjmp',
             `d_socket', `d_socklen_t', `d_sockpair', `d_sqrtl',
             `d_statblks', `d_statfs_f_flags', `d_statfs_s',
             `d_statvfs', `d_stdio_cnt_lval', `d_stdio_ptr_lval',
             `d_stdio_stream_array', `d_stdiobase', `d_stdstdio',
             `d_strchr', `d_strcoll', `d_strctcpy', `d_strerrm',
             `d_strerror', `d_strtod', `d_strtol', `d_strtold',
             `d_strtoll', `d_strtoul', `d_strtoull', `d_strtouq',
             `d_strxfrm', `d_suidsafe', `d_symlink', `d_syscall',
             `d_sysconf', `d_sysernlst', `d_syserrlst',
             `d_system', `d_tcgetpgrp', `d_tcsetpgrp',
             `d_telldir', `d_telldirproto', `d_time', `d_times',
             `d_truncate', `d_tzname', `d_umask', `d_uname',
             `d_union_semun', `d_ustat', `d_vendorarch',
             `d_vendorbin', `d_vendorlib', `d_vfork',
             `d_void_closedir', `d_voidsig', `d_voidtty',
             `d_volatile', `d_vprintf', `d_wait4', `d_waitpid',
             `d_wcstombs', `d_wctomb', `d_xenix', `date',
             `db_hashtype', `db_prefixtype', `defvoidused',
             `direntrytype', `dlext', `dlsrc', `doublesize',
             `drand01', `dynamic_ext'

         e   `eagain', `ebcdic', `echo', `egrep', `emacs',
             `eunicefix', `exe_ext', `expr', `extensions'

         f   `fflushall', `fflushNULL', `find', `firstmakefile',
             `flex', `fpossize', `fpostype', `freetype',
             `full_ar', `full_csh', `full_sed'

         g   `gccversion', `gidformat', `gidsign', `gidsize',
             `gidtype', `glibpth', `grep', `groupcat',
             `groupstype', `gzip'

         h   `h_fcntl', `h_sysfile', `hint', `hostcat', `huge'

         i   `i16size', `i16type', `i32size', `i32type',
             `i64size', `i64type', `i8size', `i8type',
             `i_arpainet', `i_bsdioctl', `i_db', `i_dbm',
             `i_dirent', `i_dld', `i_dlfcn', `i_fcntl',
             `i_float', `i_gdbm', `i_grp', `i_iconv', `i_ieeefp',
             `i_inttypes', `i_limits', `i_locale', `i_machcthr',
             `i_malloc', `i_math', `i_memory', `i_mntent',
             `i_ndbm', `i_netdb', `i_neterrno', `i_netinettcp',
             `i_niin', `i_poll', `i_pthread', `i_pwd',
             `i_rpcsvcdbm', `i_sfio', `i_sgtty', `i_shadow',
             `i_socks', `i_stdarg', `i_stddef', `i_stdlib',
             `i_string', `i_sunmath', `i_sysaccess', `i_sysdir',
             `i_sysfile', `i_sysfilio', `i_sysin', `i_sysioctl',
             `i_syslog', `i_sysmman', `i_sysmode', `i_sysmount',
             `i_sysndir', `i_sysparam', `i_sysresrc',
             `i_syssecrt', `i_sysselct', `i_syssockio',
             `i_sysstat', `i_sysstatfs', `i_sysstatvfs',
             `i_systime', `i_systimek', `i_systimes',
             `i_systypes', `i_sysuio', `i_sysun', `i_sysutsname',
             `i_sysvfs', `i_syswait', `i_termio', `i_termios',
             `i_time', `i_unistd', `i_ustat', `i_utime',
             `i_values', `i_varargs', `i_varhdr', `i_vfork',
             `ignore_versioned_solibs', `inc_version_list',
             `inc_version_list_init', `incpath', `inews',
             `installarchlib', `installbin', `installman1dir',
             `installman3dir', `installprefix',
             `installprefixexp', `installprivlib',
             `installscript', `installsitearch',
             `installsitebin', `installsitelib', `installstyle',
             `installusrbinperl', `installvendorarch',
             `installvendorbin', `installvendorlib', `intsize',
             `ivdformat', `ivsize', `ivtype'

         k   `known_extensions', `ksh'

         l   `large', `ld', `lddlflags', `ldflags',
             `ldlibpthname', `less', `lib_ext', `libc',
             `libperl', `libpth', `libs', `libsdirs',
             `libsfiles', `libsfound', `libspath', `libswanted',
             `line', `lint', `lkflags', `ln', `lns', `locincpth',
             `loclibpth', `longdblsize', `longlongsize',
             `longsize', `lp', `lpr', `ls', `lseeksize',
             `lseektype'

         m   `mail', `mailx', `make', `make_set_make',
             `mallocobj', `mallocsrc', `malloctype', `man1dir',
             `man1direxp', `man1ext', `man3dir', `man3direxp',
             `man3ext'

         M   `Mcc', `medium', `mips_type', `mkdir', `mmaptype',
             `models', `modetype', `more', `multiarch', `mv',
             `myarchname', `mydomain', `myhostname', `myuname'

         n   `n', `netdb_hlen_type', `netdb_host_type',
             `netdb_name_type', `netdb_net_type', `nm', `nm_opt',
             `nm_so_opt', `nonxs_ext', `nroff', `nvsize',
             `nvtype'

         o   `o_nonblock', `obj_ext',
             `old_pthread_create_joinable', `optimize',
             `orderlib', `osname', `osvers'

         p   `package', `pager', `passcat', `patchlevel',
             `path_sep', `perl5', `perl'

         P   `PERL_REVISION', `PERL_SUBVERSION', `PERL_VERSION',
             `perladmin', `perlpath', `pg', `phostname',
             `pidtype', `plibpth', `pm_apiversion', `pmake',
             `pr', `prefix', `prefixexp', `privlib',
             `privlibexp', `prototype', `ptrsize'

         q   `quadkind', `quadtype'

         r   `randbits', `randfunc', `randseedtype', `ranlib',
             `rd_nodata', `revision', `rm', `rmail', `runnm'

         s   `sched_yield', `scriptdir', `scriptdirexp', `sed',
             `seedfunc', `selectminbits', `selecttype',
             `sendmail', `sh', `shar', `sharpbang', `shmattype',
             `shortsize', `shrpenv', `shsharp', `sig_count',
             `sig_name', `sig_name_init', `sig_num',
             `sig_num_init', `signal_t', `sitearch',
             `sitearchexp', `sitebin', `sitebinexp', `sitelib',
             `sitelib_stem', `sitelibexp', `siteprefix',
             `siteprefixexp', `sizesize', `sizetype', `sleep',
             `smail', `small', `so', `sockethdr', `socketlib',
             `socksizetype', `sort', `spackage', `spitshell',
             `split', `sPRId64', `sPRIeldbl', `sPRIEldbl',
             `sPRIfldbl', `sPRIFldbl', `sPRIgldbl', `sPRIGldbl',
             `sPRIi64', `sPRIo64', `sPRIu64', `sPRIx64',
             `sPRIX64', `src', `ssizetype', `startperl',
             `startsh', `static_ext', `stdchar', `stdio_base',
             `stdio_bufsiz', `stdio_cnt', `stdio_filbuf',
             `stdio_ptr', `stdio_stream_array', `strings',
             `submit', `subversion', `sysman'

         t   `tail', `tar', `tbl', `tee', `test', `timeincl',
             `timetype', `touch', `tr', `trnl', `troff'

         u   `u16size', `u16type', `u32size', `u32type',
             `u64size', `u64type', `u8size', `u8type',
             `uidformat', `uidsign', `uidsize', `uidtype',
             `uname', `uniq', `uquadtype', `use5005threads',
             `use64bitall', `use64bitint', `usedl',
             `useithreads', `uselargefiles', `uselongdouble',
             `usemorebits', `usemultiplicity', `usemymalloc',
             `usenm', `useopcode', `useperlio', `useposix',
             `usesfio', `useshrplib', `usesocks', `usethreads',
             `usevendorprefix', `usevfork', `usrinc', `uuname',
             `uvoformat', `uvsize', `uvtype', `uvuformat',
             `uvxformat'

         v   `vendorarch', `vendorarchexp', `vendorbin',
             `vendorbinexp', `vendorlib', `vendorlib_stem',
             `vendorlibexp', `vendorprefix', `vendorprefixexp',
             `version', `vi', `voidflags'

         x   `xlibpth', `xs_apiversion'

         z   `zcat', `zip'

     NOTE

     Cwd, getcwd - get pathname of current working directory

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     DB - programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API
     (draft,

     subject to change)" subject to change)"

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

         Global Variables
              $DB::sub,  %DB::sub,  $DB::single,  $DB::signal,  $DB::trace,  @DB::args,
             @DB::dbline,  %DB::dbline,  $DB::package,  $DB::filename,  $DB::subname,
             $DB::lineno


         API Methods
             CLIENT->register(), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING),
             CLIENT->skippkg('D::hide'), CLIENT->run(), CLIENT-
             >step(), CLIENT->next(), CLIENT->done()

         Client Callback Methods
             CLIENT->init(), CLIENT->prestop([STRING]), CLIENT-
             >stop(), CLIENT->idle(), CLIENT->poststop([STRING]),
             CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->cleanup(),
             CLIENT->output(LIST)

     BUGS

     AUTHOR

     DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION
         DB_HASH, DB_BTREE, DB_RECNO

         Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2 or 3

         Interface to Berkeley DB


         Opening a Berkeley DB Database File

         Default Parameters

         In Memory Databases

     DB_HASH

         A Simple Example

     DB_BTREE

         Changing the BTREE sort order

         Handling Duplicate Keys

         The get_dup() Method

         The find_dup() Method

         The del_dup() Method

         Matching Partial Keys

     DB_RECNO

         The 'bval' Option

         A Simple Example

         Extra RECNO Methods
             $X->push(list) ;, $value = $X->pop ;, $X->shift,
             $X->unshift(list) ;, $X->length

         Another Example

     THE API INTERFACE
         $status = $X->get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;, $status =
         $X->put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;, $status = $X-
         >del($key [, $flags]) ;, $status = $X->fd ;, $status =
         $X->seq($key, $value, $flags) ;, $status = $X-
         >sync([$flags]) ;

     DBM FILTERS
         filter_store_key, filter_store_value, filter_fetch_key,
         filter_fetch_value

         The Filter

         An Example -- the NULL termination problem.


         Another Example -- Key is a C int.

     HINTS AND TIPS

         Locking: The Trouble with fd

         Safe ways to lock a database
             Tie::DB_Lock, Tie::DB_LockFile, DB_File::Lock

         Sharing Databases With C Applications

         The untie() Gotcha

     COMMON QUESTIONS

         Why is there Perl source in my database?

         How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?

         What does "Invalid Argument" mean?

         What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean?

     REFERENCES

     HISTORY

     BUGS

     AVAILABILITY

     COPYRIGHT

     SEE ALSO

     AUTHOR

     Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable
     for both

     printing and `eval'" printing and eval"

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

         Methods
             PACKAGE->new(ARRAYREF [, ARRAYREF]), $OBJ->Dump  or
             PACKAGE->Dump(ARRAYREF [, ARRAYREF]),
             $OBJ->Seen([HASHREF]), $OBJ->Values([ARRAYREF]),
             $OBJ->Names([ARRAYREF]), $OBJ->Reset

         Functions
             Dumper(LIST)

         Configuration Variables or Methods
             $Data::Dumper::Indent  or  $OBJ->Indent([NEWVAL]),
             $Data::Dumper::Purity  or  $OBJ->Purity([NEWVAL]),
             $Data::Dumper::Pad  or  $OBJ->Pad([NEWVAL]),
             $Data::Dumper::Varname   or
             $OBJ->Varname([NEWVAL]), $Data::Dumper::Useqq  or
             $OBJ->Useqq([NEWVAL]), $Data::Dumper::Terse  or
             $OBJ->Terse([NEWVAL]), $Data::Dumper::Freezer   or
             $OBJ->Freezer([NEWVAL]), $Data::Dumper::Toaster   or
             $OBJ->Toaster([NEWVAL]), $Data::Dumper::Deepcopy
             or   $OBJ->Deepcopy([NEWVAL]),
             $Data::Dumper::Quotekeys  or
             $OBJ->Quotekeys([NEWVAL]), $Data::Dumper::Bless  or
             $OBJ->Bless([NEWVAL]), $Data::Dumper::Maxdepth
             or   $OBJ->Maxdepth([NEWVAL])

         Exports
             Dumper

     EXAMPLES

     BUGS

     AUTHOR

     VERSION

     SEE ALSO

     Devel::DProf - a Perl code profiler

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     PROFILE FORMAT

     AUTOLOAD

     ENVIRONMENT

     BUGS

     SEE ALSO

     Devel::Peek - A data debugging tool for the XS programmer



     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     EXAMPLES

         A simple scalar string

         A simple scalar number

         A simple scalar with an extra reference

         A reference to a simple scalar

         A reference to an array

         A reference to a hash

         Dumping a large array or hash

         A reference to an SV which holds a C pointer

         A reference to a subroutine

     EXPORTS

     BUGS

     AUTHOR

     SEE ALSO

     Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     Dumpvalue - provides screen dump of Perl data.

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

         Creation
             `arrayDepth', `hashDepth', `compactDump',
             `veryCompact', `globPrint', `DumpDBFiles',
             `DumpPackages', `DumpReused', `tick', `HighBit',
             `printUndef', `UsageOnly', unctrl, subdump,
             bareStringify, quoteHighBit, stopDbSignal

         Methods
             dumpValue, dumpValues, dumpvars, set_quote,
             set_unctrl, compactDump, veryCompact, set, get

     DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION
         @dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using,
         @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs, @dl_modules,
         dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(),
         dl_load_file(), dl_unload_file(), dl_loadflags(),
         dl_find_symbol(), dl_find_symbol_anywhere(),
         dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(), bootstrap()

     AUTHOR

     DynaLoader::XSLoader, XSLoader - Dynamically load C
     libraries into

     Perl code" Perl code"

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     AUTHOR

     English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly
     punctuation

     variables" variables"

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     BUGS

     Env - perl module that imports environment variables as
     scalars or

     arrays" arrays"

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     LIMITATIONS

     AUTHOR

     Errno - System errno constants

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     CAVEATS

     AUTHOR

     COPYRIGHT

     Exporter - Implements default import method for modules

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

         How to Export

         Selecting What To Export

         Specialised Import Lists

         Exporting without using Export's import method

         Module Version Checking

         Managing Unknown Symbols

         Tag Handling Utility Functions

     Exporter::Heavy - Exporter guts

     SYNOPIS

     DESCRIPTION

     ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX
     commands in

     Makefiles etc."  Makefiles etc."

     SYNOPSIS


     DESCRIPTION

     cat

     eqtime src dst

     rm_f files...

     rm_f files...

     touch files ..

     mv source... destination

     cp source... destination

     chmod mode files..

     mkpath directory..

     test_f file

     BUGS

     SEE ALSO

     AUTHOR

     ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++
     applications

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     @EXPORT

     FUNCTIONS
         xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(),
         ccflags(), ccdlflags(), ccopts(), xsi_header(),
         xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules)

     EXAMPLES

     SEE ALSO

     AUTHOR

     ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there



     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed
     modules

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     USAGE

     FUNCTIONS
         new(), modules(), files(), directories(),
         directory_tree(), validate(), packlist(), version()

     EXAMPLE

     AUTHOR

     ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to
     use them

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION
         For static extensions, For dynamic extensions, For
         dynamic extensions

         EXTRALIBS

         LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH

         BSLOADLIBS

     PORTABILITY

         VMS implementation

         Win32 implementation

     SEE ALSO

     ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin - methods to override UN*X behaviour in

     ExtUtils::MakeMaker" ExtUtils::MakeMaker"

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION
         canonpath, cflags, manifypods, perl_archive

     ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in

     ExtUtils::MakeMaker" ExtUtils::MakeMaker"

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     METHODS

         Preloaded methods
             canonpath

     catdir

     catfile

     curdir

     rootdir

     updir

     SelfLoaded methods
         c_o (o)

     cflags (o)

     clean (o)

     const_cccmd (o)

     const_config (o)

     const_loadlibs (o)

     constants (o)

     depend (o)

     dir_target (o)

     dist (o)

     dist_basics (o)

     dist_ci (o)

     dist_core (o)

     dist_dir (o)

     dist_test (o)

     dlsyms (o)

     dynamic (o)

     dynamic_bs (o)

     dynamic_lib (o)

     exescan

     extliblist

     file_name_is_absolute

     find_perl

     Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile
         fixin

     force (o)

     guess_name

     has_link_code

     htmlifypods (o)

     init_dirscan

     init_main

     init_others

     install (o)

     installbin (o)

     libscan (o)

     linkext (o)

     lsdir


     macro (o)

     makeaperl (o)

     makefile (o)

     manifypods (o)

     maybe_command

     maybe_command_in_dirs

     needs_linking (o)

     nicetext

     parse_version

     parse_abstract

     pasthru (o)

     path

     perl_script

     perldepend (o)

     ppd

     perm_rw (o)

     perm_rwx (o)

     pm_to_blib

     post_constants (o)

     post_initialize (o)

     postamble (o)

     prefixify

     processPL (o)

     realclean (o)

     replace_manpage_separator

     static (o)

     static_lib (o)

     staticmake (o)

     subdir_x (o)

     subdirs (o)

     test (o)

     test_via_harness (o)

     test_via_script (o)

     tool_autosplit (o)

     tools_other (o)

     tool_xsubpp (o)

     top_targets (o)

     writedoc

     xs_c (o)

     xs_cpp (o)

     xs_o (o)

     perl_archive

     export_list

     SEE ALSO

     ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in

     ExtUtils::MakeMaker" ExtUtils::MakeMaker"

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

         Methods always loaded
             wraplist

     rootdir (override)

     SelfLoaded methods
         guess_name (override)

     find_perl (override)

     path (override)

     maybe_command (override)

     maybe_command_in_dirs (override)

     perl_script (override)

     file_name_is_absolute (override)

     replace_manpage_separator

     init_others (override)

     constants (override)

     cflags (override)

     const_cccmd (override)

     pm_to_blib (override)

     tool_autosplit (override)

     tool_sxubpp (override)

     xsubpp_version (override)

     tools_other (override)

     dist (override)

     c_o (override)

     xs_c (override)

     xs_o (override)

     top_targets (override)

     dlsyms (override)

     dynamic_lib (override)

     dynamic_bs (override)

     static_lib (override)

     manifypods (override)

     processPL (override)

     installbin (override)

     subdir_x (override)

     clean (override)

     realclean (override)

     dist_basics (override)

     dist_core (override)

     dist_dir (override)

     dist_test (override)

     install (override)

     perldepend (override)

     makefile (override)

     test (override)

     test_via_harness (override)

     test_via_script (override)

     makeaperl (override)

     nicetext (override)

     ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in

     ExtUtils::MakeMaker" ExtUtils::MakeMaker"

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     catfile

     constants (o)

     static_lib (o)

     dynamic_bs (o)

     dynamic_lib (o)

     canonpath

     perl_script

     pm_to_blib

     test_via_harness (o)

     tool_autosplit (override)

     tools_other (o)

     xs_o (o)

     top_targets (o)

     htmlifypods (o)

     manifypods (o)

     dist_ci (o)

     dist_core (o)

     pasthru (o)

     ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

         How To Write A Makefile.PL

         Default Makefile Behaviour

         make test

         make testdb

         make install

         PREFIX and LIB attribute

         AFS users

         Static Linking of a new Perl Binary

         Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations

         Which architecture dependent directory?

         Using Attributes and Parameters
             AUTHOR, ABSTRACT, ABSTRACT_FROM, BINARY_LOCATION, C,
             CAPI, CCFLAGS, CONFIG, CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR,
             DISTNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, EXCLUDE_EXT, EXE_FILES,
             FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, FUNCLIST, H, HTMLLIBPODS,
             HTMLSCRIPTPODS, IMPORTS, INC, INCLUDE_EXT,
             INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN, INSTALLDIRS,
             INSTALLHTMLPRIVLIBDIR, INSTALLHTMLSCRIPTDIR,
             INSTALLHTMLSITELIBDIR, INSTALLMAN1DIR,
             INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB, INSTALLSCRIPT,
             INSTALLSITEARCH, INSTALLSITELIB, INST_ARCHLIB,
             INST_BIN, INST_EXE, INST_LIB, INST_HTMLLIBDIR,
             INST_HTMLSCRIPTDIR, INST_MAN1DIR, INST_MAN3DIR,
             INST_SCRIPT, PERL_MALLOC_OK, LDFROM, LIB, LIBPERL_A,
             LIBS, LINKTYPE, MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS,
             MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET, MYEXTLIB, NAME, NEEDS_LINKING,
             NOECHO, NORECURS, NO_VC, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE, PERL,
             PERLMAINCC, PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, PERL_SRC,
             PERM_RW, PERM_RWX, PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, POLLUTE,
             PPM_INSTALL_EXEC, PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT, PREFIX,
             PREREQ_PM, SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VERSION, VERSION_FROM,
             XS, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG, XS_VERSION

         Additional lowercase attributes
             clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, linkext, macro,
             realclean, test, tool_autosplit

         Overriding MakeMaker Methods

         Hintsfile support

         Distribution Support
                make distcheck,    make skipcheck,    make distclean,    make manifest,
               make distdir,    make tardist,    make dist,    make uutardist,    make
             shdist,    make zipdist,    make ci


         Disabling an extension

     ENVIRONMENT
         PERL_MM_OPT

     SEE ALSO

     AUTHORS

     ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST
     file

     SYNOPSIS


     DESCRIPTION

     MANIFEST.SKIP

     EXPORT_OK

     GLOBAL VARIABLES

     DIAGNOSTICS
         `Not in MANIFEST:' file, `No such file:' file,
         `MANIFEST:' $!, `Added to MANIFEST:' file

     SEE ALSO

     AUTHOR

     ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for
     perlmain.c

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     SEE ALSO

     ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by
     DynaLoader

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for
     dynamic

     extension" extension"

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION
         DLBASE, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, IMPORTS, NAME

     AUTHOR

     REVISION

     ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     USAGE

     FUNCTIONS
         new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file()

     EXAMPLE

     AUTHOR

     ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or
     die

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     AUTHOR

     Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     NOTE

     EXPORTED SYMBOLS

     File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION
         fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse

     EXAMPLES
         `basename', `dirname'

     File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a
     tree

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION


     File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     RETURN

     AUTHOR

     File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

        Win32)
         Special behaviour if `syscopy' is defined (OS/2, VMS and
             rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])

     RETURN

     AUTHOR

     File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     EXPORTS (by request only)

     BUGS

     AUTHOR

     HISTORY

     SEE ALSO

     File::Find, find - traverse a file tree

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION
         `wanted', `bydepth', `follow', `follow_fast',
         `follow_skip', `no_chdir', `untaint', `untaint_pattern',
         `untaint_skip'

     CAVEAT


     File::Glob - Perl extension for BSD glob routine

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION
         `GLOB_ERR', `GLOB_MARK', `GLOB_NOCASE', `GLOB_NOCHECK',
         `GLOB_NOSORT', `GLOB_BRACE', `GLOB_NOMAGIC',
         `GLOB_QUOTE', `GLOB_TILDE', `GLOB_CSH'

     DIAGNOSTICS
         `GLOB_NOSPACE', `GLOB_ABEND'

     NOTES

     AUTHOR

     File::Path - create or remove directory trees

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     AUTHORS

     File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     SEE ALSO

     AUTHORS

     File::Spec::Functions - portably perform operations on file
     names

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

         Exports

     SEE ALSO

     File::Spec::Mac - File::Spec for MacOS

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION


     METHODS
         canonpath

     catdir

     catfile

     curdir

     devnull

     rootdir

     tmpdir

     updir

     file_name_is_absolute

     path

     splitpath

     splitdir

     catpath

     abs2rel

     rel2abs

     SEE ALSO

     File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     File::Spec::Unix - methods used by File::Spec

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     METHODS
         canonpath

     catdir

     catfile

     curdir

     devnull

     rootdir

     tmpdir

     updir

     no_upwards

     case_tolerant

     file_name_is_absolute

     path

     join

     splitpath

     splitdir

     catpath

     abs2rel

     rel2abs

     SEE ALSO

     File::Spec::VMS - methods for VMS file specs

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION
         eliminate_macros

     fixpath

     Methods always loaded
         canonpath (override)

     catdir

     catfile

     curdir (override)

     devnull (override)

     rootdir (override)

     tmpdir (override)

     updir (override)

     case_tolerant (override)

     path (override)

     file_name_is_absolute (override)

     splitpath (override)

     splitdir (override)

     catpath (override)

     abs2rel (override)

     rel2abs (override)

     SEE ALSO

     File::Spec::Win32 - methods for Win32 file specs

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION
         devnull

     tmpdir

     catfile

     canonpath

     splitpath

     splitdir

     catpath

     abs2rel

     rel2abs

     SEE ALSO



     File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat()
     functions

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     NOTE

     AUTHOR

     FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     BUGS

     FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION
         $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines

     SEE ALSO

     FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     EXPORTABLE VARIABLES

     KNOWN BUGS

     AUTHORS

     COPYRIGHT

     GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     AVAILABILITY

     BUGS

     SEE ALSO

     Getopt::Long - Extended processing of command line options

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     Command Line Options, an Introduction

     Getting Started with Getopt::Long

         Simple options

         A little bit less simple options

         Mixing command line option with other arguments

         Options with values

         Options with multiple values

         Options with hash values

         User-defined subroutines to handle options

         Options with multiple names

         Case and abbreviations

         Summary of Option Specifications
             !, +, s, i, f, : type [ desttype ]

     Advanced Possibilities

         Documentation and help texts

         Storing options in a hash

         Bundling

         The lonesome dash

         Argument call-back

     Configuring Getopt::Long
         default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, require_order,
         permute, bundling (default: reset), bundling_override
         (default: reset), ignore_case (default: set),
         ignore_case_always (default: reset), pass_through
         (default:  reset), prefix, prefix_pattern, debug
         (default: reset)

     Return values and Errors

     Legacy

         Default destinations

         Alternative option starters

         Configuration variables

     AUTHOR

     COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER

     Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with
     switch

     clustering" clustering"

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the
     current

     locale" locale"

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     IO - load various IO modules

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION
         new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek (
         POS ), tell (), rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir,
         DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]

     SEE ALSO

     AUTHOR


     COPYRIGHT

     IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     CONSTRUCTOR
         new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile

     METHODS
         open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )

     SEE ALSO

     HISTORY

     IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     CONSTRUCTOR
         new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )

     METHODS
         $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline,
         $io->getlines, $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF,
         LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error, $io->clearerr, $io->sync,
         $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ), $io->blocking ( [
         BOOL ] ), $io->untaint

     NOTE

     SEE ALSO

     BUGS

     HISTORY

     IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     CONSTRUCTOR
         new ( [READER, WRITER] )


     METHODS
         reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()

     SEE ALSO

     AUTHOR

     COPYRIGHT

     IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     METHODS
         mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
         events ( IO ), remove ( IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )

     SEE ALSO

     AUTHOR

     COPYRIGHT

     IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     SEE ALSO

     HISTORY

     IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     CONSTRUCTOR
         new ( [ HANDLES ] )

     METHODS
         add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ),
         handles, can_read ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT
         ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), count (), bits(),
         select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )

     EXAMPLE

     AUTHOR

     COPYRIGHT

     IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     CONSTRUCTOR
         new ( [ARGS] )

     METHODS
         accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL),
         timeout([VAL]), sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), sockdomain,
         socktype, protocol, connected

     SEE ALSO

     AUTHOR

     COPYRIGHT

     IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain
     sockets

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     CONSTRUCTOR
         new ( [ARGS] )

         METHODS
             sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (),
             peerport (), peerhost ()

     SEE ALSO

     AUTHOR

     COPYRIGHT

     IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain
     sockets

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION


     CONSTRUCTOR
         new ( [ARGS] )

     METHODS
         hostpath(), peerpath()

     SEE ALSO

     AUTHOR

     COPYRIGHT

     IO::lib::IO::Dir, IO::Dir - supply object methods for
     directory

     handles" handles"

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION
         new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek (
         POS ), tell (), rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir,
         DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]

     SEE ALSO

     AUTHOR

     COPYRIGHT

     IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for
     filehandles

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     CONSTRUCTOR
         new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile

     METHODS
         open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )

     SEE ALSO

     HISTORY

     IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for
     I/O

     handles" handles"

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     CONSTRUCTOR
         new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )

     METHODS
         $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline,
         $io->getlines, $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF,
         LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error, $io->clearerr, $io->sync,
         $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ), $io->blocking ( [
         BOOL ] ), $io->untaint

     NOTE

     SEE ALSO

     BUGS

     HISTORY

     IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::Pipe - supply object methods for
     pipes

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     CONSTRUCTOR
         new ( [READER, WRITER] )

     METHODS
         reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()

     SEE ALSO

     AUTHOR

     COPYRIGHT

     IO::lib::IO::Poll, IO::Poll - Object interface to system
     poll call

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     METHODS
         mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
         events ( IO ), remove ( IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )

     SEE ALSO

     AUTHOR

     COPYRIGHT

     IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based
     methods for

     I/O objects" I/O objects"

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     SEE ALSO

     HISTORY

     IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select
     system

     call" call"

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     CONSTRUCTOR
         new ( [ HANDLES ] )

     METHODS
         add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ),
         handles, can_read ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT
         ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), count (), bits(),
         select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )

     EXAMPLE

     AUTHOR

     COPYRIGHT

     IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket

     communications" communications"

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION


     CONSTRUCTOR
         new ( [ARGS] )

     METHODS
         accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL),
         timeout([VAL]), sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), sockdomain,
         socktype, protocol, connected

     SEE ALSO

     AUTHOR

     COPYRIGHT

     IO::lib::IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::INET - Object
     interface for

     AF_INET domain sockets" AF_INET domain sockets"

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     CONSTRUCTOR
         new ( [ARGS] )

         METHODS
             sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (),
             peerport (), peerhost ()

     SEE ALSO

     AUTHOR

     COPYRIGHT

     IO::lib::IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Socket::UNIX - Object
     interface for

     AF_UNIX domain sockets" AF_UNIX domain sockets"

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     CONSTRUCTOR
         new ( [ARGS] )

     METHODS
         hostpath(), peerpath()


     SEE ALSO

     AUTHOR

     COPYRIGHT

     IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     METHODS
         new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS
         ]] ), remove, set ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME
         => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [, FLAGS ] ), stat

     SEE ALSO

     AUTHOR

     COPYRIGHT

     IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and
     writing

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     WARNING

     SEE ALSO

     IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and
     error

     handling" handling"

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     WARNING

     IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION


     METHODS
         new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ),
         getpid ( SEM ), getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op
         ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [,
         NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N ,
         VALUE ), stat

     SEE ALSO

     AUTHOR

     COPYRIGHT

     IPC::SysV - SysV IPC constants

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION
         ftok( PATH, ID )

     SEE ALSO

     AUTHORS

     COPYRIGHT

     IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     METHODS
         new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS
         ]] ), remove, set ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME
         => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [, FLAGS ] ), stat

     SEE ALSO

     AUTHOR

     COPYRIGHT

     IPC::SysV::Semaphore, IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC
     object

     class" class"

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     METHODS
         new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ),
         getpid ( SEM ), getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op
         ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [,
         NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N ,
         VALUE ), stat

     SEE ALSO

     AUTHOR

     COPYRIGHT

     Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary length float math package

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION
         number format, Error returns 'NaN', Division is computed
         to, Rounding is performed

     BUGS

     AUTHOR

     Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION
         Canonical notation, Input, Output

     EXAMPLES

     Autocreating constants

     BUGS

     AUTHOR

     Math::Trig - trigonometric functions

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
         tan

         ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO


         SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS

     PLANE ANGLE CONVERSIONS

     RADIAL COORDINATE CONVERSIONS

         COORDINATE SYSTEMS

         3-D ANGLE CONVERSIONS
             cartesian_to_cylindrical, cartesian_to_spherical,
             cylindrical_to_cartesian, cylindrical_to_spherical,
             spherical_to_cartesian, spherical_to_cylindrical

     GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCES

     EXAMPLES

     BUGS

     AUTHORS

     NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

         Functions
             Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [,
             $bytes]]]);, $p->ping($host [, $timeout]);, $p-
             >close();, pingecho($host [, $timeout]);

     WARNING

     NOTES

     Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in
     gethost*()

     functions" functions"

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION


     EXAMPLES

     NOTE

     AUTHOR

     Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*()

     functions" functions"

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     EXAMPLES

     NOTE

     AUTHOR

     Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in
     getproto*()

     functions" functions"

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     NOTE

     AUTHOR

     Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in
     getserv*()

     functions" functions"

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     EXAMPLES

     NOTE

     AUTHOR

     O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends



     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     CONVENTIONS

     IMPLEMENTATION

     AUTHOR

     ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     NOTE

     WARNING

     Operator Names and Operator Lists
         an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag),
         a negated opname or optag, an operator set (opset)

     Opcode Functions
         opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET),
         opset_to_hex (OPSET), full_opset, empty_opset,
         invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...),
         define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask,
         opdesc (OP, ...), opdump (PAT)

     Manipulating Opsets

     TO DO (maybe)

     Predefined Opcode Tags
         :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig,
         :base_math, :base_thread, :default, :filesys_read,
         :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open, :filesys_write,
         :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided,
         :dangerous

     SEE ALSO

     AUTHORS

     Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted

     compartments" compartments"

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION
         a new namespace, an operator mask

     WARNING

         RECENT CHANGES

         Methods in class Safe
             permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP,
             ...), deny_only (OP, ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap
             (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from (PACKAGE,
             ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo
             (FILENAME), root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)

         Some Safety Issues
             Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes

         AUTHOR

     Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations
     when

     compiling" compiling"

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     SEE ALSO

     POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     NOTE

     CAVEATS

     FUNCTIONS
         _exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin,
         assert, atan, atan2, atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch,
         calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown, clearerr, clock,
         close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime,
         cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle,
         execlp, execv, execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose,
         fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror, fflush, fgetc, fgetpos,
         fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf,
         fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp,
         fscanf, fseek, fsetpos, fstat, ftell, fwrite, getc,
         getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv, geteuid, getgid,
         getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp,
         getpid, getppid, getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid,
         gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty, iscntrl, isdigit,
         isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper,
         isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv,
         localtime, log, log10, longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen,
         mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, memcmp, memcpy, memmove,
         memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, offsetof,
         open, opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow,
         printf, putc, putchar, puts, qsort, raise, rand, read,
         readdir, realloc, remove, rename, rewind, rewinddir,
         rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid,
         setsid, setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending,
         sigprocmask, sigsetjmp, sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep,
         sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat, strchr,
         strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime,
         strlen, strncat, strncmp, strncpy, stroul, strpbrk,
         strrchr, strspn, strstr, strtod, strtok, strtol,
         strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh, tcdrain,
         tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp,
         time, times, tmpfile, tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname,
         tzname, tzset, umask, uname, ungetc, unlink, utime,
         vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, wcstombs,
         wctomb, write

     CLASSES

         POSIX::SigAction
             new

         POSIX::SigSet
             new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember

         POSIX::Termios
             new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed,
             getlflag, getoflag, getospeed, setattr, setcc,
             setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag, setoflag,
             setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface
             values, c_cc field values, c_cflag field values,
             c_iflag field values, c_lflag field values, c_oflag
             field values

     PATHNAME CONSTANTS
         Constants


     POSIX CONSTANTS
         Constants

     SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
         Constants

     ERRNO
         Constants

     FCNTL
         Constants

     FLOAT
         Constants

     LIMITS
         Constants

     LOCALE
         Constants

     MATH
         Constants

     SIGNAL
         Constants

     STAT
         Constants, Macros

     STDLIB
         Constants

     STDIO
         Constants

     TIME
         Constants

     UNISTD
         Constants

     WAIT
         Constants, Macros

     CREATION

     Pod::Checker, podchecker() - check pod documents for syntax
     errors



     SYNOPSIS

     OPTIONS/ARGUMENTS

         podchecker()
             -warnings => val

     DESCRIPTION

     DIAGNOSTICS

         Errors
             empty =headn, =over on line N without closing =back,
             =item without previous =over, =back without previous
             =over, No argument for =begin, =end without =begin,
             Nested =begin's, =for without formatter
             specification, unresolved internal link NAME,
             Unknown command "CMD", Unknown interior-sequence
             "SEQ", nested commands CMD<...CMD<...>...>, garbled
             entity STRING, Entity number out of range, malformed
             link L<>, nonempty Z<>, empty X<>, Spurious text
             after =pod / =cut, Spurious character(s) after =back

         Warnings
             multiple occurence of link target name, line
             containing nothing but whitespace in paragraph, file
             does not start with =head, No numeric argument for
             =over, previous =item has no contents, preceding
             non-item paragraph(s), =item type mismatch (one vs.
             two), N unescaped `<>' in paragraph, Unknown entity,
             No items in =over, No argument for =item, empty
             section in previous paragraph, Verbatim paragraph in
             NAME section, Hyperlinks

     RETURN VALUE

     EXAMPLES

     INTERFACE

     `$checker->poderror( @args )', `$checker->poderror( {%opts},
     @args )'

     `$checker->num_errors()'

     `$checker->name()'

     `$checker->node()'

     `$checker->idx()'


     `$checker->hyperlink()'

     AUTHOR

     Pod::Find - find POD documents in directory trees

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     OPTIONS
         -verbose, -perl, -script, -inc

     AUTHOR

     SEE ALSO

     Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     ARGUMENTS
         backlink, css, flush, header, help, htmldir, htmlroot,
         index, infile, libpods, netscape, outfile, podpath,
         podroot, quiet, recurse, title, verbose

     EXAMPLE

     ENVIRONMENT

     AUTHOR

     SEE ALSO

     COPYRIGHT

     Pod::InputObjects - objects representing POD input
     paragraphs,

     commands, etc."  commands, etc."

     SYNOPSIS

     REQUIRES

     EXPORTS

     DESCRIPTION
         Pod::InputSource, Pod::Paragraph, Pod::InteriorSequence,
         Pod::ParseTree

     Pod::InputSource

     nneeww(())

     nnaammee(())

     hhaannddllee(())

     wwaass_ccuuttttiinngg(())

     Pod::Paragraph

     nneeww(())

     ccmmdd_nnaammee(())

     tteexxtt(())

     rraaww_tteexxtt(())

     ccmmdd_pprreeffiixx(())

     ccmmdd_sseeppaarraattoorr(())

     ppaarrssee_ttrreeee(())

     ffiillee_lliinnee(())

     Pod::InteriorSequence

     nneeww(())

     ccmmdd_nnaammee(())

     pprreeppeenndd(())

     aappppeenndd(())

     nneesstteedd(())

     rraaww_tteexxtt(())

     lleefftt_ddeelliimmiitteerr(())

     rriigghhtt_ddeelliimmiitteerr(())

     ppaarrssee_ttrreeee(())

     ffiillee_lliinnee(())

     DDEESSTTRROOYY(())

     Pod::ParseTree

     nneeww(())

     ttoopp(())

     cchhiillddrreenn(())

     pprreeppeenndd(())

     aappppeenndd(())

     rraaww_tteexxtt(())

     DDEESSTTRROOYY(())

     SEE ALSO

     AUTHOR

     Pod::Man - Convert POD data to formatted *roff input

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION
         center, date, fixed, fixedbold, fixeditalic,
         fixedbolditalic, release, section

     DIAGNOSTICS
         roff font should be 1 or 2 chars, not `%s', Invalid link
         %s, Unknown escape E<%s>, Unknown sequence %s, Unmatched
         =back

     BUGS

     SEE ALSO

     AUTHOR

     Pod::ParseUtils - helpers for POD parsing and conversion

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     Pod::List
         new()

     file()

     start()

     indent()

     type()

     rx()

     item()

     parent()

     tag()

     Pod::Hyperlink
         new()

     parse($string)

     markup($string)

     text()

     warning()

     line(), file()

     page()

     node()

     alttext()

     type()

     link()

     Pod::Cache
         new()

     item()

     find_page($name)

     Pod::Cache::Item
         new()

     page()

     description()

     path()


     file()

     nodes()

     find_node($name)

     idx()

     AUTHOR

     SEE ALSO

     Pod::Parser - base class for creating POD filters and
     translators

     SYNOPSIS

     REQUIRES

     EXPORTS

     DESCRIPTION

     QUICK OVERVIEW

     PARSING OPTIONS
         -want_nonPODs (default: unset), -process_cut_cmd
         (default: unset), -warnings (default: unset)

     RECOMMENDED SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES

     ccoommmmaanndd(())
         `$cmd', `$text', `$line_num', `$pod_para'

     vveerrbbaattiimm(())
         `$text', `$line_num', `$pod_para'

     tteexxttbblloocckk(())
         `$text', `$line_num', `$pod_para'

     iinntteerriioorr_sseeqquueennccee(())

     OPTIONAL SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES

     nneeww(())

     iinniittiiaalliizzee(())

     bbeeggiinn_ppoodd(())

     bbeeggiinn_iinnppuutt(())

     eenndd_iinnppuutt(())

     eenndd_ppoodd(())

     pprreepprroocceessss_lliinnee(())

     pprreepprroocceessss_ppaarraaggrraapphh(())

     METHODS FOR PARSING AND PROCESSING

     ppaarrssee_tteexxtt(())
          => -|-,  =>
         -|-,  => -|-
         

     -expand_seqcoderefmethodname-expand_textcoderefmethodname-expand_ptreecoderefmethodnameiinntteerrppoollaattee(())

     ppaarrssee_ppaarraaggrraapphh(())

     ppaarrssee_ffrroomm_ffiilleehhaannddllee(())

     ppaarrssee_ffrroomm_ffiillee(())

     ACCESSOR METHODS

     eerrrroorrssuubb(())

     ccuuttttiinngg(())

     ppaarrsseeooppttss(())

     oouuttppuutt_ffiillee(())

     oouuttppuutt_hhaannddllee(())

     iinnppuutt_ffiillee(())

     iinnppuutt_hhaannddllee(())

     iinnppuutt_ssttrreeaammss(())

     ttoopp_ssttrreeaamm(())

     PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA

     _ppuusshh_iinnppuutt_ssttrreeaamm(())

     _ppoopp_iinnppuutt_ssttrreeaamm(())

     TREE-BASED PARSING


     SEE ALSO

     AUTHOR

      -       
      

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

         EXPORT

     AUTHOR

     SEE ALSO

      () - extract selected sections of POD
     from

     input" input"

     SYNOPSIS

     REQUIRES

     EXPORTS

     DESCRIPTION

     SECTION SPECIFICATIONS

     RANGE SPECIFICATIONS

     OBJECT METHODS

     Pod::PlainerPerlextensionforconvertingPodtooldstylePod.Pod::Select,podselectccuurrrr_hheeaaddiinnggss(())

     sseelleecctt(())

     aadddd_sseelleeccttiioonn(())

     cclleeaarr_sseelleeccttiioonnss(())

     mmaattcchh_sseeccttiioonn(())

     iiss_sseelleecctteedd(())

     EXPORTED FUNCTIONS

     ppooddsseelleecctt(())
         , , 

     PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA

     -output-sections-ranges_ccoommppiillee_sseeccttiioonn_ssppeecc(())

     $self->{_SECTION_HEADINGS}

     $self->{_SELECTED_SECTIONS}

     SEE ALSO

     AUTHOR

      -       

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION
         alt, indent, loose, sentence, width

     DIAGNOSTICS
         Bizarre space in item, Can't open %s for reading: %s,
         Unknown escape: %s, Unknown sequence: %s, Unmatched
         =back

     RESTRICTIONS

     NOTES

     SEE ALSO

     AUTHOR

      -       
     

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     BUGS

     SEE ALSO

     AUTHOR

       -    
     

     text with format escapes" text with format escapes"

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     SEE ALSO

     AUTHOR

      () - print a usage message from
     embedded pod

     documentation" documentation"

     SYNOPSIS

     ARGUMENTS
         `-message', `-msg', `-exitval', `-verbose', `-output',
         `-input', `-pathlist'

     DESCRIPTION

     EXAMPLES

         Recommended Use

     CAVEATS

     AUTHOR

     ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

      -     

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

      -       

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION
         a new namespace, an operator mask

     WARNING

         RECENT CHANGES

         Methods in class Safe
             permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP,
             ...), deny_only (OP, ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap
             (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from (PACKAGE,
             ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo
             (FILENAME), root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)

         Some Safety Issues
             Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes

         AUTHOR

       -      

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

      -      

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

      -     

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

         The __DATA__ token

         SelfLoader autoloading

         Autoloading and package lexicals

         SelfLoader and AutoLoader

         __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.

         Classes and inherited methods.

     Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names

      -      

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     AUTHOR

          -
       

     socket.h defines and structure manipulators" socket.h
     defines and structure manipulators"


     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION
         inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY,
         INADDR_BROADCAST, INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE,
         sockaddr_in PORT, ADDRESS, sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN,
         pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS, unpack_sockaddr_in
         SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un
         SOCKADDR_UN, pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un
         SOCKADDR_UN

      -      

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

      -       

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     AUTHOR

           -
     

     interface to the UNIX  calls" interface to the UNIX
     syslog calls"

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION
         openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority,
         $format, @args, setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock
         $sock_type (added in 5.004_02), closelog

     EXAMPLES

     SEE ALSO

     AUTHOR

         
      -

     Perl interface to the UNIX  calls" Perl interface
     to the UNIX syslog calls"

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION
         openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority,
         $format, @args, setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock
         $sock_type (added in 5.004_02), closelog

     EXAMPLES

     SEE ALSO

     AUTHOR

      -      
     

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     DIAGNOSTICS
         Invalid attribute name %s, Identifier %s used only once:
         possible typo, No comma allowed after filehandle,
         Bareword %s not allowed while "strict subs" in use

     RESTRICTIONS

     AUTHORS

      -   

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     EXAMPLES

      -    

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION
         <tab>, ^D, ^U, <del>, <bs>

     DIAGNOSTICS

     BUGS

     AUTHOR

      -     
     packages. If


     no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic
     functions."  no real package is found, substitutes stubs
     instead of basic functions."

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     Minimal set of supported functions
         `ReadLine', `new', `readline', `addhistory', `IN',
         $`OUT', `MinLine', `findConsole', Attribs, `Features'

     Additional supported functions
         `tkRunning', `ornaments', `newTTY'

     EXPORTS

     ENVIRONMENT

      -        

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     TEST TYPES
         NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS

     RETURN VALUE

     ONFAIL

     SEE ALSO

     AUTHOR

      -      
     

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

         The test script output

     EXPORT

     DIAGNOSTICS
         `All tests successful.\nFiles=%d,  Tests=%d, %s',
         `FAILED tests %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.',
         `Test returned status %d (wstat %d)', `Failed 1 test,
         %.2f%% okay. %s', `Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.  %s'

     ENVIRONMENT

     SEE ALSO

     AUTHORS

     BUGS

       -      
     

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     EXAMPLE

      -        
      

     arrays" arrays"

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     EXAMPLES
         0a simple word, 1multiple spaces are skipped because of
         our $delim, 2use of quotes to include a space in a word,
         3use of a backslash to include a space in a word, 4use
         of a backslash to remove the special meaning of a
         double-quote, 5another simple word (note the lack of
         effect of the backslashed double-quote)

     AUTHORS

      -      
     

     by Knuth" by Knuth"

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     EXAMPLES

     LIMITATIONS

     AUTHOR


             
      and

     " unexpand"

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     BUGS

     AUTHOR

      -      

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     EXAMPLE

     AUTHOR

      -      
     

     change)" change)"

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     FUNCTIONS
         new \&start_sub, new \&start_sub, LIST, lock VARIABLE,
         async BLOCK;, Thread->self, Thread->list, cond_wait
         VARIABLE, cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE,
         yield

     METHODS
         join, eval, detach, equal, tid

     LIMITATIONS

     SEE ALSO

      -  

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION


     FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
         new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending

     SEE ALSO

      -  

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
         new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER

      -       
     

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     BUGS

      -  

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

      -     

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION
         TIEARRAY classname, LIST, STORE this, index, value,
         FETCH this, index, FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this,
         count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this, key, DELETE
         this, key, CLEAR this, DESTROY this, PUSH this, LIST,
         POP this, SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this,
         offset, length, LIST

     CAVEATS

     AUTHOR

        -    
     

     handles" handles"

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION
         TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, scalar, length,
         offset, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, format, LIST,
         READ this, scalar, length, offset, READLINE this, GETC
         this, CLOSE this, OPEN this, filename, BINMODE this, EOF
         this, TELL this, SEEK this, offset, whence, DESTROY this

     MORE INFORMATION

       -     
     

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION
         TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH
         this, key, FIRSTKEY this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS
         this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this

     CAVEATS

     MORE INFORMATION

      -     

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     EXAMPLE

     AUTHOR

     VERSION

     SEE ALSO

       -    
     

     scalars" scalars"

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION
         TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this,
         value, DESTROY this

     MORE INFORMATION



      -   

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     CAVEATS

      -       
     

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     IMPLEMENTATION

     BUGS

      -      ()

     function" function"

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     NOTE

     AUTHOR

      -     
     ()

     function" function"

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     NOTE

     AUTHOR

      -      
     

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION


     AUTHOR

      -       

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION
         isa ( TYPE ), can ( METHOD ), VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] ),
         UNIVERSAL::isa ( VAL, TYPE ), UNIVERSAL::can ( VAL,
         METHOD )

      -      

     functions" functions"

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     NOTE

     AUTHOR

      -      

     functions" functions"

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

         System Specifics

     NOTE

     AUTHOR

     HISTORY
         March 18th, 2000

      -       

     SYNOPSIS

     DESCRIPTION

     AUTHOR


Pod::TextConvertPODdatatoformattedASCIItextPod::Text::ColorConvertPODdatatoformattedcolorASCIItextPod::Text::Termcap,Pod::Text::ColorConvertPODdatatoASCIIPod::Usage,pod2usageSDBM_FileTiedaccesstosdbmfilesSafeCompileandexecutecodeinrestrictedcompartmentsSearch::Dict,looksearchforkeyindictionaryfileSelectSaversaveandrestoreselectedfilehandleSelfLoaderloadfunctionsonlyondemandShellrunshellcommandstransparentlywithinperlSocket,sockaddr_in,sockaddr_un,inet_aton,inet_ntoaloadtheCSymbolmanipulatePerlsymbolsandtheirnamesSys::HostnameTryeveryconceivablewaytogethostnameSyslog,Sys::Syslog,openlog,closelog,setlogmask,syslogPerlsyslog(3)Syslog::Syslog,Sys::Syslog,openlog,closelog,setlogmask,syslogsyslog(3)Term::ANSIColorColorscreenoutputusingANSIescapesequencesTerm::CapPerltermcapinterfaceTerm::CompletePerlwordcompletionmoduleTerm::ReadLinePerlinterfacetovarious`readline'TestprovidesasimpleframeworkforwritingtestscriptsTest::HarnessrunperlstandardtestscriptswithstatisticsText::Abbrev,abbrevcreateanabbreviationtablefromalistText::ParseWordsparsetextintoanarrayoftokensorarrayofText::SoundexImplementationoftheSoundexAlgorithmasDescribedText::Tabs--expandandunexpandtabspertheunixexpand(1)unexpand(1)Text::WraplinewrappingtoformsimpleparagraphsThreadmanipulatethreadsinPerl(EXPERIMENTAL,subjecttoThread::Queuethread-safequeuesThread::Semaphorethread-safesemaphoresThread::SignalStartathreadwhichrunssignalhandlersreliablyThread::Specificthread-specifickeysTie::ArraybaseclassfortiedarraysTie::Handle,Tie::StdHandlebaseclassdefinitionsfortiedTie::Hash,Tie::StdHashbaseclassdefinitionsfortiedhashesTie::RefHashusereferencesashashkeysTie::Scalar,Tie::StdScalarbaseclassdefinitionsfortiedTie::SubstrHashFixed-table-size,fixed-key-lengthhashingTime::LocalefficientlycomputetimefromlocalandGMTtimeTime::gmtimeby-nameinterfacetoPerl'sbuilt-ingmtimeTime::localtimeby-nameinterfacetoPerl'sbuilt-inlocaltimeTime::tminternalobjectusedbyTime::gmtimeandTime::localtimeUNIVERSALbaseclassforALLclasses(blessedreferences)User::grentby-nameinterfacetoPerl'sbuilt-ingetgr*()User::pwentby-nameinterfacetoPerl'sbuilt-ingetpw*()XSLoaderDynamicallyloadClibrariesintoPerlcode

AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION
     Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation,
     but they don't all have manual pages yet:

     a2p

     s2p

     find2perl

     h2ph

     c2ph

     h2xs

     xsubpp

     pod2man

     wrapsuid



AUTHOR
     Larry Wall <larry@wall.org>, with the help of oodles of
     other folks.









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