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NAME
     cscope - interactively examine a C program

SYNOPSIS
     ccssccooppee [[options]] files......

DESCRIPTION
     ccssccooppee is an interactive screen-oriented tool that allows
     the user to browse through C source files for specified ele-
     ments of code.

     By default, ccssccooppee examines the C (..cc and ..hh), lleexx (..ll), and
     yyaacccc (..yy) source files in the current directory.  ccssccooppee may
     also be invoked for source files named on the command line.
     In either case, ccssccooppee searches the standard directories for
     ##iinncclluuddee files that it does not find in the current direc-
     tory.  ccssccooppee uses a symbol cross-reference, ccssccooppee..oouutt by
     default, to locate functions, function calls, macros, vari-
     ables, and preprocessor symbols in the files.

     ccssccooppee builds the symbol cross-reference the first time it
     is used on the source files for the program being browsed.
     On a subsequent invocation, ccssccooppee rebuilds the cross-
     reference only if a source file has changed or the list of
     source files is different.  When the cross-reference is
     rebuilt, the data for the unchanged files are copied from
     the old cross-reference, which makes rebuilding faster than
     the initial build.

     The following options can appear in any combination:

     --bb             Build the cross-reference only.

     --CC             Ignore letter case when searching.

     --cc             Use only ASCII characters in the cross-
                    reference file, that is, do not compress the
                    data.

     --dd             Do not update the cross-reference.

     --ee             Suppress the ^^ee command prompt between files.

     --ff reffile     Use reffile as the cross-reference file name
                    instead of the default ccssccooppee..oouutt.

     --II incdir      Look in incdir (before looking in the stan-
                    dard place for header files, normally
                    //uussrr//iinncclluuddee) for any ##iinncclluuddee files whose
                    names do not begin with // and that are not
                    specified on the command line or in namefile
                    below.  (The ##iinncclluuddee files may be specified
                    with either double quotes or angle brackets.)
                    The incdir directory is searched in addition
                    to the current directory (which is searched
                    first) and the standard list (which is
                    searched last).  If more than one occurrence
                    of --II appears, the directories are searched
                    in the order they appear on the command line.

     --ii namefile    Browse through all source files whose names
                    are listed in namefile (file names separated
                    by spaces, tabs, or new-lines) instead of the
                    default (ccssccooppee..ffiilleess).  If this option is
                    specified, ccssccooppee ignores any files appearing
                    on the command line.

     --LL             Do a single search with line-oriented output
                    when used with the --num pattern option.

     --ll             Line-oriented interface (see ``Line-Oriented
                    Interface'' below).

     --num pattern   Go to input field num (counting from 0) and
                    find pattern.

     --PP path        Prepend path to relative file names in a
                    pre-built cross-reference file so you do not
                    have to change to the directory where the
                    cross-reference file was built.  This option
                    is only valid with the --dd option.

     --pp n           Display the last n file path components
                    instead of the default (1).  Use 0 to not
                    display the file name at all.

     --ss dir         Look in dir for additional source files.
                    This option is ignored if source files are
                    given on the command line.

     --TT             Use only the first eight characters to match
                    against C symbols.  A regular expression con-
                    taining special characters other than a
                    period (.) will not match any symbol if its
                    minimum length is greater than eight charac-
                    ters.

     --UU             Do not check file time stamps (assume that no
                    files have changed).

     --uu             Unconditionally build the cross-reference
                    file (assume that all files have changed).

     --VV             Print on the first line of screen the version
                    number of ccssccooppee.

     The --II, --pp, and --TT options can also be in the ccssccooppee..ffiilleess
     file.

  Requesting the Initial Search
     After the cross-reference is ready, ccssccooppee will display this
     menu:

          Find this C symbol:
          Find this global definition:
          Find functions called by this function:
          Find functions calling this function:
          Find this text string:
          Change this text string:
          Find this egrep pattern:
          Find this file:
          Find files #including this file:

     Press the TTAABB key repeatedly to move to the desired input
     field, type the text to search for, and then press the
     RREETTUURRNN key.

  Issuing Subsequent Requests
     If the search is successful, any of these single-character
     commands can be used:

     11--99        Edit the file referenced by the given line
                number.
     SSPPAACCEE      Display next set of matching lines.
     ++          Display next set of matching lines.
     --          Display previous set of matching lines.
     ^^ee         Edit displayed files in order.
     >>          Append the displayed list of lines to a file.
     ||          Pipe all lines to a shell command.

     At any time these single-character commands can also be
     used:

     TTAABB        Move to next input field.
     RREETTUURRNN     Move to next input field.
     ^^nn         Move to next input field.
     ^^pp         Move to previous input field.
     ^^yy         Search with the last text typed.
     ^^bb         Move to previous input field and search pattern.
     ^^ff         Move to next input field and search pattern.
     ^^cc         Toggle ignore/use letter case when searching.
                (When ignoring letter case, search for FFIILLEE will
                match FFiillee and ffiillee.)
     ^^rr         Rebuild the cross-reference.
     !!          Start an interactive shell (type ^^dd to return to
                ccssccooppee).

     ^^ll         Redraw the screen.
     ??          Give help information about ccssccooppee commands.
     ^^dd         Exit ccssccooppee.

     Note:  If the first character of the text to be searched for
     matches one of the above commands, escape it by typing a \
     (backslash) first.

  Substituting New Text for Old Text
     After the text to be changed has been typed, ccssccooppee will
     prompt for the new text, and then it will display the lines
     containing the old text.  Select the lines to be changed
     with these single-character commands:

     11--99        Mark or unmark the line to be changed.
     **          Mark or unmark all displayed lines to be changed.
     SSPPAACCEE      Display next set of lines.
     ++          Display next set of lines.
     --          Display previous set of lines.
     aa          Mark all lines to be changed.
     ^^dd         Change the marked lines and exit.
     EESSCCAAPPEE     Exit without changing the marked lines.
     !!          Start an interactive shell (type ^^dd to return to
                ccssccooppee).
     ^^ll         Redraw the screen.
     ??          Give help information about ccssccooppee commands.
  Special Keys
     If your terminal has arrow keys that work in vi(1), you can
     use them to move around the input fields.  The up-arrow key
     is useful to move to the previous input field instead of
     using the TTAABB key repeatedly.  If you have the CCLLEEAARR, NNEEXXTT,
     or PPRREEVV keys they will act as the ^^ll, ++, and -- commands,
     respectively.
  Line-Oriented Interface
     The --ll option lets you use cscope where a screen-oriented
     interface would not be useful, e.g., from another screen-
     oriented program.
     ccssccooppee will prompt with >>>> when it is ready for an input
     line starting with the field number (counting from 0)
     immediately followed by the search pattern, e.g., llmmaaiinn
     finds the definition of the mmaaiinn function.
     If you just want a single search, instead of the --ll option
     use the --LL and --num pattern options, and you won't get the
     >>>> prompt.
     For --ll, ccssccooppee outputs the number of reference lines.
                    ccssccooppee:: 22 lliinneess
     For each reference found, ccssccooppee outputs a line consisting
     of the file name, function name, line number, and line text,
     separated by spaces, e.g.,
                    mmaaiinn..cc mmaaiinn 116611 mmaaiinn((aarrggcc,, aarrggvv))
     Note that the editor is not called to display a single
     reference, unlike the screen-oriented interface.
     You can use the rr command to rebuild the database.
     ccssccooppee will quit when it detects end-of-file, or when the
     first character of an input line is ^^dd or qq.

ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
     EEDDIITTOORR         Preferred editor, which defaults to vi(1).
     IINNCCLLUUDDEEDDIIRRSS    Colon-separated list of directories to search
                    for ##iinncclluuddee files.
     HHOOMMEE           Home directory, which is automatically set at
                    login.
     SSHHEELLLL          Preferred shell, which defaults to sh(1).
     SSOOUURRCCEEDDIIRRSS     Colon-separated list of directories to search
                    for additional source files.
     TTEERRMM           Terminal type, which must be a screen termi-
                    nal.
     TTEERRMMIINNFFOO       Terminal information directory full path
                    name.  If your terminal is not in the stan-
                    dard tteerrmmiinnffoo directory, see  and
                     for how to make your own terminal
                    description.
     curses(3X)terminfo(4)TTMMPPDDIIRR         Temporary file directory, which defaults to
                    //vvaarr//ttmmpp.
     VVIIEEWWEERR         Preferred file display program [such as ppgg],
                    which overrides EEDDIITTOORR (see above).
     VVPPAATTHH          A colon-separated list of directories, each
                    of which has the same directory structure
                    below it.  If VVPPAATTHH is set, ccssccooppee searches
                    for source files in the directories speci-
                    fied; if it is not set, ccssccooppee searches only
                    in the current directory.

FILES
     ccssccooppee..ffiilleess   Default files containing --II, --pp, and --TT
                    options and the list of source files (over-
                    ridden by the --ii option).

     ccssccooppee..oouutt     Symbol cross-reference file, which is put in
                    the home directory if it cannot be created in
                    the current directory.

     nnccssccooppee..oouutt    Temporary file containing new cross-reference
                    before it replaces the old cross-reference.

SEE ALSO
     The  ' .


NOTES
     CUsersGuideccssccooppee recognizes function definitions of the form:

            fnameblank((  args))  _  whiteargdecswhite{{

     where:

           is the function name

           is zero or more spaces or tabs, not including
                newlines

            is any string that does not contain a fnameblankargs"" or a new-
                line

           is zero or more spaces, tabs, or newlines

     _   are zero or more argument declarations (_
                may include comments and white space)

     It is not necessary for a function declaration to start at
     the beginning of a line.  The return type may precede the
     function name; whiteargdecsargdecsccssccooppee will still recognize the declaration.
     Function definitions that deviate from this form will not be
     recognized by ccssccooppee.

     The FFuunnccttiioonn column of the search output for the menu option
     FFiinndd ffuunnccttiioonnss ccaalllleedd bbyy tthhiiss ffuunnccttiioonn::  input field will
     only display the first function called in the line, that is,
     for this function
           ee(())
           {{
                rreettuurrnn ((ff(()) ++ gg(())));;
           }}
     the display would be
           FFuunnccttiioonnss ccaalllleedd bbyy tthhiiss ffuunnccttiioonn:: ee

           FFiillee FFuunnccttiioonn LLiinnee
           aa..cc  ff    33 rreettuurrnn((ff(()) ++ gg(())));;

     Occasionally, a function definition or call may not be
     recognized because of braces inside ##iiff statements.  Simi-
     larly, the use of a variable may be incorrectly recognized
     as a definition.

     A ttyyppeeddeeff name preceding a preprocessor statement will be
     incorrectly recognized as a global definition, e.g.,
           LLDDFFIILLEE **
           ##iiff AARR1166WWRR

     Preprocessor statements can also prevent the recognition of
     a global definition, e.g.,
           cchhaarr ffllaagg
           ##iiffddeeff AALLLLOOCCAATTEE_SSTTOORRAAGGEE
                == --11
           ##eennddiiff
           ;;

     A function declaration inside a function is incorrectly
     recognized as a function call, e.g.,
           ff(())
           {{
                vvooiidd gg(());;
           }}
     is incorrectly recognized as a call to gg(()).

     ccssccooppee recognizes C++ classes by looking for the class key-
     word, but doesn't recognize that a ssttrruucctt is also a class,
     so it doesn't recognize inline member function definitions
     in a structure.  It also doesn't expect the class keyword in
     a ttyyppeeddeeff, so it incorrectly recognizes XX as a definition in
           ttyyppeeddeeff ccllaassss XX ** YY;;

     It also doesn't recognize operator function definitions
           BBooooll FFeeaattuurree::::ooppeerraattoorr====((ccoonnsstt FFeeaattuurree && ootthheerr))
           {{
                ......
           }}

---

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